Recovered material

Figure 16 (145). For an elastic material (Fig. 16a), the resulting strain is instantaneous and constant until the stress is removed, at which time the material recovers and the strain immediately drops back to 2ero. In the case of the viscous fluid (Fig. 16b), the strain increases linearly with time. When the load is removed, the strain does not recover but remains constant. Deformation is permanent. The response of the viscoelastic material (Fig. 16c) draws from both kinds of behavior. An initial instantaneous (elastic) strain is followed by a time-dependent strain. When the stress is removed, the initial strain recovery is elastic, but full recovery is delayed to longer times by the viscous component.

Tritium has also been observed in meteorites and material recovered from sateUites (see also Extraterrestrial materials). The tritium activity in meteorites can be reasonably well explained by the interaction of cosmic-ray particles and meteoritic material. The tritium contents of recovered sateUite materials have not in general agreed with predictions based on cosmic-ray exposure. Eor observations higher than those predicted (Discoverer XVII and sateUites), a theory of exposure to incident tritium flux in solar flares has been proposed. Eor observations lower than predicted (Sputnik 4), the suggested explanation is a diffusive loss of tritium during heating up on reentry. 

Collected material recovered dry for subsequent processing or disposal... 

If the material recovered has some economic value, the picture is different. Figure 28-2 shows the previous cost of control with the value recovered curve superimposed on it. The plant manager looking at such a curve would want to be operating in the area to the left of the intersection of the two curves, whereas the local air pollution forces would insist on operation as far to the right of the graph as the best available control technology would allow. 

All subsequent green coke operations were made in a second coker, which was fashioned from steel pipe approximately 18 cm in diameter and 25 cm in length. A metal plate was welded to one end and a metal collar was welded to the other end such that a steel lid could be bolted to the system. Typically, about 250 to 500 g of pitch were sealed imder nitrogen in the coker reactor and the system placed in a large temperature-programmable furnace. The heat treatment process was as follows. The temperature was raised 5°C/min to 350 °C and then l°C/min to 425°C and the temperature held at 425°C for 90 minutes. Finally the temperature was raised further at 3°C/min to between 500 and 600°C, and held there for 3 hours. The coker was cooled to room temperature and the material recovered to determine green coke yield. 

Examination of the material recovered from the mother liquors indicates that the ethynyl group is reduced in about 10% of the starting material. 

Pyrolysis GC/MS experiments were performed on packing materials recovered from retired columns that had been washed thoroughly. Packing materials near the entrance and exit of the retired column were discarded and not included in the pyrolysis GC experiment. GC/MS used in this study is EIP and the conditions are ... 

From Figure 8-58 at n = 18 trays theoretical, and A = 0.001235 read Eaj, except that in this low region some values cannot be read accurately. When A is considerably less than 1.0, use Eaj = A, (very litde light material recovered), and when Aj is quite a bit larger than 1.0, use Eai = 1.0 (heavy material mosdy recovered). 

Starting material recovered and a byproduct which is methylated at the 14-position also formed. c trimethylcorphin type III. d trimethylcorphin type I. 

There is another type of condition that results from exposure to high humidity. The alteration in electrical properties caused by moisture absorption in nylon and phenolics is reversible. When the moisture content is decreased, the properties of the materials recover to close to the original values. In some instances the exposure to moisture and electrical fields can cause irreversible damage that can lead to failure. 

Oxidation of PI with chromium trioxide. Fraction PI was twice acetylated as described above. The peracetylated polysaccharide (75 mg), together with 20 mg of mannitol hexacetate as internal standard was dissolved in 1.5 mL of HCCI3, and treated with 1.89 mL of glacial acetic acid and 189 mg of chromium trioxide, at 50°C. Aliquots were removed at zero, 30, 60 and 120 min, water then added, and the material recovered by extraction with chloroform, hydrolyzed and analysed by GLC of derived alditol acetates. 

Secondary raw materials recovered from scrap are more concentrated and more pure than primary raw materials. Scrap is already in the metallic form, and requires only purification which, in the most favorable or desirable cases, involves only melting. The recovery of secondary metals can, therefore, be carried out with fewer and simpler operations, consuming a smaller amount of energy and causing less pollution, than primary metals production. For example, the production of 1 ton of copper from ore consumes about 116 GJ of energy, while the consumption is only about 19 G J when the production is from scrap. 

For the most part, the zinc materials recovered from secondary materials such as slab zinc, alloys, dusts, and compounds are comparable in quality to primary products. Zinc in brass is the principal form of secondary recovery, although secondary slab zinc has risen substantially over the last few years because it has been the principal zinc product of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust recycling. Impure zinc oxide products and zinc-bearing slags are sometimes used as trace element additives in fertilizers and animal feeds. About 10% of the domestic requirement for zinc is satisfied by old scrap. 

No condensate was found in the cold trap (ice or dry ice/acetone) after any of the experiments, nor was any material recovered from the gas train by flushing with toluene and ethanol. However, the quantity of condensate expected on the basis of ashing of the heated samples is gravimetrically significant in all cases (15 mg expected at 155°C, 56 mg expected at 330°C). 

Material formed from the coal which appears in the distillate is here called solvent-range material, following the terminology used by Whitehurst et al. (5). Its mass was estimated by mass balance over the material recovered from the reaction as it could not be separated from the large excess of Tetralin and Tetralin breakdown products also contained in the distillate. This procedure includes with the mass of solvent-range material any gases and water formed in the reaction. 

GC/MS has also been used to investigate acidic and neutral fractions (after alkaline hydrolysis, separation and trimethylsilylation) of a resinous sample collected from a flint flake dated back to the lower Palaeolithic (roughly 200 000 BC) and recovered near Arezzo in Italy [11]. The results show that the organic material recovered on the flint flake was a pitch obtained from birch bark by a pyrolysis type process. In fact, the main components of the acidic fraction are a series of linear a,oo-dicarboxylic acids ranging from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and a series of oo-hydroxycarboxylic acids ranging from 16 to 22 carbon... 

The yields are based upon the amount of acetophenone initially used and do not make allowances for the material recovered from the steam distillation. A small amount of di-(a-phenyl-ethyl)-amine, b.p. 61-62°/2 mm., may be recovered from the residues. 

Reactivity of azides towards acetylenedicarboxylates is very dependent on their electron density (energy HOMO). Thus, strongly electron-deficient 3,5-dicyano-2,4,6-triazidopyridine 1039 reacts slowly with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to give triazole derivative 1038 in 34% yield with most of the starting material recovered unchanged. Under comparable conditions, less electron-deficient 3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-triazidopyridine 1040 reacts with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to provide 2,6-bis(l,2,3-triazol-lyl)pyridine derivative 1041 in 75% yield (Scheme 171) <2001CHE861>. 

C-labelled cholesterol was used to test the recovery of 5-100 pg of faecal sterols from seawater (labelled coprostanol not being available). The radioactivity of the samples and eluates was measured by a two-channel liquid scintillation counter. Percentage recovery was calculated on the basis of the amount of labeled material recovered in the acetone eluant. The results indicate that column extraction efficiency is not adversely affected by the salinity of the water samples, i.e., in the range 95-97%. 

The catalytic runs are performed with these adducts or with the materials recovered from their total decarbonylation at 200°C under vacuum. 

Experimental measurements in each lake included particle concentration and size measurements in the water column, sedimentation fluxes in sediment traps, and chemical and size characteristics of materials recovered from sediment traps. The colloidal stability of the particles in the lake waters was determined with laboratory coagulation tests. Colloidal stability was described by the stability ratio (a). For a perfectly stable suspension, a = 0 for a complete unstable one, a = 1.)... 

Carried out in refluxing PhCl, 56% starting material recovered. Using 0.035 mol of catalyst, 40% starting material recovered. Using 0.035 mol of catalyst, 35% starting material recovered. 

Drying and cooling the products of ammonium phosphate production are conventionally achieved in a rotary drum, and a means must be provided to remove the dust particles from the air streams to be exhausted to the atmosphere. At the Minnesota plant, a high-efficiency dry cyclone recovery system followed by a wet scrubber was designed. In this way, material recovered from the dry collector (and recycled to the process) pays for the dry system and minimizes the load and disposal problem in the wet scrubber, because it eliminates the need for a system to recover the wet waste material that is discharged to the gypsum disposal pond for settling. 

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