Recovered value

The wet ester is distilled in the dehydration column using high reflux to remove a water phase overhead. The dried bottoms are distilled in the product column to provide high purity acrylate. The bottoms from the product column are stripped to recover values and the final residue incinerated. Alternatively, the bottoms maybe recycled to the ester reactor or to the bleed stripper. 

Ocean Nodules. A less conventional copper resource consists of deep-sea ferromanganese nodules. These nodules are primarily manganese, but some deposits contain over 1% copper. The nodules occur at many ocean sites, but the most valuable deposits are found in the Pacific Ocean. Although a number of companies are studying methods for recovering values from this source, copper resources from nodules must be considered tentative. World resources are estimated at 0.7 biUion metric tons (8) (see Ocean raw materials). 

The average net cost for this technology is 30 to 45 per ton of soil treated. As shown in the following table, the net cost per unit volume is reduced by subtracting the recovered value of the reusable product. The following table provides a comparison between asphalt-stabilized base/engineered backfill and other remediation options and disposal (D16903T, p. 4). 

To determine the wet bond strength coated panels were immersed in distilled water for 1500 h, removed and discs 25.4 mm in diameter stamped from them. The surfaces were wiped with a dry tissue and bonded between two cylindrical test pieces using a polyamide cured epoxide adhesive and immediately placed in a sealed container at 100% RH for the adhesive to cure. After 16 h the specimens were broken on an Instron Universal Test Machine with minimum delay. Recovered values were measured after the panels had dried out at room temperature and humidity for 7 days. Clearly, it is unlikely that the values reported represent the minimum bond strengths, as some drying out is almost inevitable, but the values are directly comparable. 

As a check on the recovery of the various amino, acids, samples of bovine albumin and mixtures of pure amino acids were analyzed by the same methods as the unknowns. To check further on cystine-cysteine and tryptophan, various levels of the amino acid were hydrolyzed and analyzed in the same manner. The resulting data for albumin were compared with the values of Block and Weiss (5). Recovered values for amino acids obtained from chromatograms and for tryptophan by the fluro-metric method are listed in Table II. Values for the cystine-cysteine are listed in Table III. 

We determined several years ago the temperature dependence of the pressure unfolding of Snase [14] using fluorescence, FTIR and SAXS to build the p-T phase diagram (Fig. 9.3). These studies showed a clear decrease in the absolute value of the volume change for unfolding as a function of temperature, although the uncertainty in the recovered values of AV did not allow us to conclude unequivocally in a linear dependence. Nonetheless, in the absence of any further information we assumed linearity and hence calculated from the slope the change in thermal expansivity between the folded and the unfolded state to be on the order of 1 ml mol-1 K-1. 

Results of a typical ASTM distillation test for an automotive gasoline are given in Table 13-28, in which temperatures have already been corrected to a pressure of 101.3 kPa (760 torr). It is generally assumed that percent loss corresponds to volatile noncondensables that are distilled off at the beginning of the test. In that case, the percent recovered values in Table 13-28 do not correspond to percent evaporated values, which are of greater scientific value. Therefore, it... 

Fig. 7. Vertical resolution in the upper mantle of model S16B30 of Masters et al. (1996). The input velocity anomaly is a linear combination of three natural B-splines in radius and spherical harmonics laterally. The continuous curve shows the amplitude of the input anomaly as a function of depth, normalized to unit amplitude. The dashed curve is the peak recovered value. The data inversion tends to smear the anomaly c. 200 km radially. Adapted from Masters et al, (1996).

The recovered value can be expressed in terms of pressure drop, i.e., replace E by AP ... 

Enter some more labels a(calc), sy, andsainGl through II respectively. For greater clarity we will here explicitly distinguish the recovered value acaic from the initially... 

Vary the noise amplitude in cell B2, and see how the recovered value aca c varies with the noise amplitude. Also verily that you recover acalc = a and cra = 0 when the noise amplitude is set equal to zero. 

Enter some more labels aO(calc), a 1 (calc), sy, saO, and sal in D1 through HI respectively. Again, we distinguish between the initially assumed values of Oq and av and their recovered values Oo.caic and alca]c. 

In most cases when laser flash photolysis has been employed to follow the decay of triplets, the data were analyzed for single decay curves. The precision of the recovered values for yj and j2 as well as a detailed analysis of the preexponential factors in Eq. (15) would probably improve if more complex analysis procedures, such as global compartmental analysis, would be employed. However, it is important to note that the dynamic range of absorbance measurements for laser flash photolysis experiments is much smaller than can be ob-... 

A second function of the QC sample is to measure the degree to which the assay is under control as determined by the assessment of accuracy and precision in multiple runs. Accuracy is described as the % relative error (%RE) or the amount the assayed value deviates from the nominal value. The precision is described as the % coefficient of variation (%CV) by dividing the standard deviation by the mean value recovered value. 

The effect of diffusion on the shape of the frequency response can be judged by the Xa values. The data were fit to the model which allows D-A diffusion and to the same model with the diffusion coefficient set equal to zero (Thble 14.3). When D = 0, the values of x< increase at higher temperatures, indicating that the donor decay has become more like asingle exponential. In fact, the tendency toward a single exponential can be seen from the recovered values of the half-width. These apparent hw values become smaller at higher temperature. As described in Section I4.5.D, the trend in apparent parameter values can yield useful information about the behaidor of complex systems. 

Inspection of the calibration line itself, or using a high value of the correlation coefficient (r) or coefficient of determination (r ), say better than 0.999, is not an adequate confirmation of linearity across the range, nor proof that when used to assign the concentration to a test solution it will not have unacceptable errors. A simple spreadsheet study has shown that data generated according to a nearly linear model, for example, y = x °°, and then fitted to a linear relation and used for calibration, errors of up to 70% were observed in the recovered values of X, despite = 0.999. The problem lies in the violation of the first assumption, that the data are inherently linear. Inspection of residuals is the best visual way of checking linearity. Nonlinearity,... 

An economic model has been provided by die American Plastics Council [6] of the current and potential commercial infrastmcture that recovers value from a portion of the ten million vehicles disposed of annually in the United States. The model provides for identification of transactions, costs, values and other factors that strongly affect decisions regarding plastics disposal, and could serve as the basis for modelling the recovery of plastics from a range of industries producing large arisings. 

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