Materials concept

Recycling more effective solutions are sought. The development of the mono-material concept is favourable to thermoplastics and self-reinforcing thermoplastic composites such as self-reinforced polypropylene (Curv from BP). 

Polyolefins are well adapted to the mono-material concept talc-filled polypropylene and LFRT for structural parts, foamed polyethylene and polypropylene for damping, polypropy-lene/EPDM alloys or copolymers for skins. Some other functions need incompatible polymers with specific characteristics such as optical properties. Without claiming to be exhaustive, the other thermoplastic materials are ... 

We have reviewed the material requirements for a viable optical disk and have described two novel materials concepts, each based on the use of an organic dye-polymer interaction. The dyes used in these concepts must be thermally and photochemically stable. In each case the imaging mechanism involves an efficient and rapid conversion of the absorbed electronic energy to heat via internal conversion. 

Although the functionally graded materials concept has been known since 1972, the production of functionally graded SiAlON ceramics is still a subject to explore. Especially, the formation mechanisms of the functional gradient structure have not yet been fully understood. If diffusion mechanisms are explored, compositional design would be easy and the thickness of the graded... 

Atoms, Segments, Networks, and Domains. A related and simplified hierarchy seems applicable to the materials concepts described in this volume. Four levels make up the hierarchy of a system atoms, segments, networks, and domains. 

Dieringer JA, McFarland AD, Shah NC, Stuart DA, Whitney AV, Yonzon CR, Young MA, Zhang XY, Van Duyne RP (2006) Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy new materials, concepts, characterization tools, and applications. Faraday Discuss 132 9-26... 

As discussed earlier, while the scale of the fillers is substantially different, nanocomposite materials concepts and technology are very similar to those of conventional composite materials. This is clearly demonstrated in the case of new thermosets for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications, " " where nanocomposite of liquid crystalline thermosets, IPNs, and simple filled thermosets are evaluated. Tripathy et al. discussed four different ways to prepare nonlinear optical polymers. (1) The polymer matrix is doped with NLO moieties in a guest/host system (2) In side-chain polymer systems, NLO polymers with active moieties are covalently bonded as pendant groups (3) In the main chain polymer, the chromo-phores are incorporated as parts of the main polymer backbone to enhance the temporal stability of the NLO properties and (4) Stability of the optical noninearity in sol-gel-based thermosets is related to... 

M. Shur [ Proc. Advanced Material Concepts Conf, Denver, Co., USA, Ed. F.W. 

This has led many researchers to posmlate a simple shear stress criterion for failure. This idea persists to this day despite some early analysis, such as that of Goland and Reissner who used classical mechanics of material concepts to demonstrate that the joint includes shear, bending, and cleavage stresses [5], This is more recently substantiated by several numerical analyses, some of which are cited in [1]. 

These compounds are sensitive to electrical field. Microwave frequency losses are due to two phenomena polarisation and conduction. The polarisable materials concept will be examined later with some examples based on conducting polymers. Relaxation-inducing dielectric losses can be caused by interfacial polarisa-... 

Membrane architecture concepts are as varied as the material concepts and are equally important in determining the success of an oxygen transport device. The architecture can be considered from a membrane standpoint (thick dense membrane, supported thin film, sandwich structure) and from a system standpoint (tubular, planar, monolith). 

The basic materials concepts are very similar to those discussed for oxygen separation. Fundamentally, the two types of device are the same. The first variation is the dual-phase material which contains one component that is an ionic conductor and one that is an electronic conductor. The second variation is the single-phase material which is both an electronic and ionic conductor. 

These examples illustrate the upsurge that microcapsules have experienced in recent years, and not just in the detergent and cleaning agent industry. The new raw material concept favoring polycondensation based formaldehyde-free microcapsules is industrially feasible and waiting its market breakthrough. 

The goal of future work will be to optimise the material concept of the biocomposites to the extent that this product will also be able to be used in areas with higher security standards. 

Some other material concepts involving layered and gradient glass and glass-ceramic composites have been proposed, as reviewed in this section. 

Nanostructured coatings, ceramics and metals - tailor die strocture of coatings at the nano-scale to provide unique and revohitionaty properties, specifically nano-structured adaptive tribological (low fiiction) coatings for MEMS devices economical, multifunctional ceramic materials to which operate in extreme environments new material concepts and design tools to inqiact mechanics issues important to airframes. 

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