Combustion Ion Chromatography

Fung, Y.S. and K.L. Dao. 1998. Determination of total carbon in air particulate matter by thermal combustion—ion chromatography. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 69 125-139. 

The first step in determination of total sulfur in pulp by combustion/ion chromatography entails burning the pulp in a Schoniger combustion flask (Douek and Ing 1989). Combustion of the pulp in an oxygen atmosphere in a platinum boat oxidizes the sulfur to sulfate which dissolves in deionized water at the bottom of the flask. The presence of a few drops of hydrogen peroxide in the deionized water ensures that oxidation to sulfate is complete. 

Methods of determining the sulfonate content of lignin fall into two main classes those typified by conductometric titration, in which sulfonate content is measured directly and those, as represented by combustion/ion chromatography, which measure the sulfur content and assume that all the sulfur is present as sulfonate groups is approximate in many ultra-high-yield sulfite pulps (Katz et al. 1984) but may lead to large errors (Samuelson and Westlin 1947, 1948, Regestad and Samuelson 1958, Schoon 1961, Janson and Sjostrom 1966, Katz et al. 1984). 

Of the methods that measure total sulfur content, combustion/ion chromatography has several advantages over other methods. It is much simpler and faster than the standard gravimetric method and, when compared to titrimetric methods, is less prone to interference by other ions. The procedure has been applied to chemimechanical pulps with sulfur contents ranging from 0.1 to 1%. Measurements on a typical sulfite mechanical pulp gave a mean of 0.612%, with a standard deviation of 0.013%. 

The accuracy of the method has been assessed by analysis of a standard sample of bovine liver from the National Bureau of Standards and a standard sulfonated hydrocarbon. For the bovine liver the sulfur content by combustion/ ion chromatography was about 1.2% below the accepted value whereas for the standard hydrocarbon, with a reported sulfur content of 0.97%, combustion/ion... 

Fig. 7.7.5. Relationship between sulfur content of chemimechanical pulps obtained by combustion/ion chromatography and by CPPA standard gravimetric method G28. (Douek and fng 1989)...

Miyake, Y., Yamashita, N., Rostkowski, P, So, M. K., Taniyasu, S., Lam, P. K. S., et al. Determination of trace levels of total fluorine in water using combustion ion chromatography for fluorine a mass balance approach to determine individual perfluorinated chemicals in water. J. Chromatogr. A, 1143 98-104 (2007). 

Douek M, Ing J (1989) Determination of sulphur and chlorine in pulp and paper samples by combustion/ion chromatography. J Pulp Pap Sci 15 J72-J78 Glennie DW (1971) Reactions in sulphite pulping. In Sarkanen KV, Ludwig CH (eds) Lignins. 

Ci (d) 2pgmi Br" (e) 5ngmi NOa" (f) 10ngmi SO4 (Reprinted with permission from Fung YS and Dao KL (1996) Eiementai anaiysis of chemicai wastes by oxygen bomb combustion-ion chromatography. Analytics Chimica Acta 334 51-56 Eisevier.)... 

ASTM International, ASTM D 7359-08 Standard Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine, and Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxidative Pyrolytic Combustion Followed by Ion Chromatography Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography - CIC). ASTM International, Conshohocken,... 

Y.S. Fung, Z. Wu, and K.L. Dao. Determination of total organic carbon in water by thermal combustion-ion chromatography. Anal. Chem., 68 2186-2190,1996. 

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