Miscellaneous Separation Methods

In Part VI, Chapter 30 is now a general introduction to separations. It includes solvent extraction and precipitation methods, an introduction to chromatography, and a new section on solid-phase extraction. Chapter 31 contains new material on molecular mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Chapter 32 includes new sections on affinity chromatography and chiral chromatography. A section on LC/MS has been added. A new Chapter 33, Miscellaneous Separation Methods, has been included. It introduces capillary electrophoresis and field-flow fractionation. 

In view of the importance of chiral resolution and the efficiency of liquid chromatographic methods, attempts are made to explain the art of chiral resolution by means of liquid chromatography. This book consists of an introduction followed by Chapters 2 to 8, which discuss resolution chiral stationary phases based on polysaccharides, cyclodextrins, macrocyclic glyco-peptide antibiotics, Pirkle types, proteins, ligand exchangers, and crown ethers. The applications of other miscellaneous types of CSP are covered in Chapter 9. However, the use of chiral mobile phase additives in the separation of enantiomers is discussed in Chapter 10. 

Degraded Carotenoids Physical Methods Separation and Assay N.M.R. Spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry Chiroptical Methods Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy Infrared and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Other Spectroscopic Techniques Miscellaneous Physical Chemistry Photoreceptor Pigments Biosynthesis and Metabolism Stereochemistry Enzyme Systems Inhibition and Regulation... 

The subject of preliminary examination is as varied as a later part of this section, namely miscellaneous methods. There may also be no clear-cut separation between the two. Preliminary examination is composed of simple tests, carried out in a short time and with little effort, which give the first clues in damage analysis. 

Miscellaneous detectors. TLC, as with other chromatographic methods, is a separation not an identification technique and thus for unambiguous identification of analytes the separated components must be examined by spectroanalytical techniques. Mass [67] and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry [68] have both been used to good effect and considerable effort is currently being expended to develop robust methodologies and instrumentation in these areas. Instrumentation has recently been developed, for example, which elutes separated components directly onto a measured amount of potassium bromide which is then automatically pressed and introduced into an infrared spectrometer. 

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