Marine Environmental Protection

Office of Marine Environmental Protection Division U.S. Coast Guard... 

UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP). Reports and Studies No. 64. International Maritime Organization, London. In ... 

Topping, G., 1992. The rule and application of quality assurance in marine environmental protection. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 25, 61-66. 

GESAMP (1991) Global strategies for marine environmental protection. Rep Stud 45, International Maritime Organization, London... 

Matthews, G. J. 1992. International Law and Policy on Marine Environmental Protection and Management—Trends and Prospects, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 25, pp. 1-4. 

IMO Marine Environmental Protection Committee (2012) Air Pollution and Energy Efficiency, Supplementary information to the Interim Report of the Correspondence Group on Assessment of Technological Developments to Implement the Tier III NOx Emission Standards under MARPOL Aimex VI, Submitted by the United States of America... 

Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 850.1075 Fish Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater and Marine, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, 1996. 

It is commonly known that to a wide extent a concept is a system of views on any fact, way of understanding and explaining of any facts, the main idea of any theory. Therefore, maritime safety concept is a system of views on providing safety of the operations at sea, description of its facts and processes. However, navigation safety is defined as a relatively constant state, clear of dangers provided by the system of international and national technical, organizational, economical, social, and juridical standards, which are aimed at the reduction and prevention of accidents at sea to provide safety of fife and property at sea and marine environmental protection. 

HELCOM, 25 Incidents of Chemical Munitions Caught by Fishermen in the Baltic Sea Reported in 2003, Baltic Marine Environmental Protection Commission of HELCOM, September 14, 2004. 

Despite the attractions of economic forces driving environmental protection, some cautions and failures have been noted. Firstly, the export of hazardous waste to countries where costs for treatment are lower enhances environmental risks during transport and has the potential for transboundary export in the event of pollution. At the same time, the loss of raw material may deprive the home market of an adequate supply of feedstock for the home-based industry. Secondly, there is considerable scepticism that self-regulation of TBT-based antifoulants could be achieved in a timely manner by the shipping industry. This is an instance where the cost benehts to one industry are born by another commercial sector, notably aquaculture. Thus, protection of the marine environment is likely to be aided by economic factors but the role of government, via taxation and standard setting, is not likely to be usurped. Public education and, in turn, pressure, can promote and support corporate environmentalism. 

Marin, W, and Stem, A. C., "The World s Air Quality Management Standards," Vol. I, "Air Quality Management Standards of the World," Vol. II, "Air Quality Management Standards of the United States." Pub. EPA 65019-75-001/002, Miscellaneous Series. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1974. 

EPA. 1981a. Acephate, aldicarb, carbophenothion, DBF, EPN, ethoprop, methyl parathion, and phorate Their acute and chronic toxicity, bioconcentration potential and persistence as related to marine environments. Gulf Breeze, FL U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. EPA-600/4-81/04L NTIS PB81-244477. 1-275. 

During the media blitz that followed, Patterson urged the public to buy Chicken of the Sea tuna because the Van Camp Sea Food Company s molded steel cans were lead-free. With characteristic bluntness, Patterson lambasted a host of government laboratories from the Environmental Protection Agency and its Bureau of Foods to the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Asked if any other laboratories agreed with his findings, Patterson declared loftily that scientific questions are not determined by majority vote. 

U ren, S.C. 1983. Acute toxicity of bis(tributyltin)oxide to a marine copepod. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 14 303-306. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1986. Initiation of a special review of certain pesticide products containing tributyltins used as antifoulants availability of support document. Federal Register 51(5) 778-779. 

To protect important species of marine animals, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommends that total recoverable zinc in seawater should average <58 pg/L and never exceed 170 pg/L for acid-soluble zinc, these values are <86 and 95 pg/L (Table 9.9). As was the case for freshwater biota, there is a growing body of evidence (Table 9.9) demonstrating that many species of marine plants, crustaceans, molluscs, echinoderms, and fish are adversely affected at ambient zinc concentrations between 9 and 50 pg/L, or significantly below the current proposed criteria for marine life protection. 

US Environmental Protection Agency (1994). Methods for assessing the toxicity of sediment-associated contaminants with estuarine and marine amphipods. EPA 600/ R-94/025. Office of Research and Development, Narragansett, RI. 

EPA. 1979. Microbial degradation of organochlorine compounds in estuarine waters and sediments. Proceedings of Workshop Microbial Degradation Pollution Marine Environment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 443-50, 462-76. Document No. 

James, M. 0. and Bend, J. R. Xenobiotic metabolism in marine species exposed to hydrocarbons. Second National Conference on the Interagency Energy/Environment R and D Program, pp. 495-501, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, 1977. 

Peltier, W.H. Weber, C.I. Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity to Effluents of Freshwater and Marine Organisms U.S. EPA/600/4-85/013, Environmental Protection Agency Cincinatti, 1985 ... 

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