Marihuana

So, the 20th century actually led to an almost total disappearance of C. sativa for medicinal purposes. The only source for THC, which became the focus of scientific research, was fhe rafher fedious exfracfion and purification from confiscated hashish or marihuana. In 1972 the first commercially viable total synthesis of A9-THC was established and it became the first cannabinoid available as a modern medicine in the form of soft gel capsules (the active ingredient being called dronabinol from tetrahydrocannabinol) under the trade name Marinol for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during cancer chemotherapy. 

The indication prevention of nausea and vomiting during cancer chemotherapy came from experiences of marihuana-smoking patients, not from pharmacological research [129]. 

Mechoulam R, Devane WA, Glaser R (1999) In Nahas GG, Sutin KM, Harvey DJ, Agurell S (eds) Marihuana and medicine. Humana, New Jersey, p 65... 

Carlini, E.A., and Gonzales, C. Aggressive behavior induced by marihuana compounds and amphetamine in rats previously made dependent on morphine. Experientia 28 542-544, 1972. 

Abel EL (1980). Marihuana The First Twelve Thousand Years. Plenum Press, New York. 

Gold MS (1992). Marihuana and hashish. In G Winger, FG Hoffmann and JH Woods (eds), A Handbook of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. The Biological Aspects (pp. 117-131). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 

Grinspoon L and Bakalar JB (1993). Marihuana, the Forbidden Medicine. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. 

Lemberger L, Tamarkin NR, Axelrod J and Kopin IJ (1971). Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Metabolism and disposition in long-term marihuana smokers. Science, 2, 72-74. 

Merritt JC, Crawford WJ and Alexander PC (1980). Effect of marihuana on intraocular and blood pressure in glaucoma. Opthalmology, 87, 222-228. 

Petro DJ (1980). Marihuana as a therapeutic agent for muscle spasm or spasticity. Psycho-somatics, 21, 81-85. 

Regelson W, Butler JR, Schulz J, Kirk T, Peek L, Green ML and Zalis MO (1976). Delta-9-THC as an effective antidepressant An appetite stimulating agent in advanced cancer patients. In MC Braude and S Szara (eds), The Pharmacology of Marihuana (pp. 763-775). Raven Press, New York. 

Struve FA, Straumanis JJ, Patrick G, Leavitt J, Manno JF and Manno BR (1999). Topographic quantitative EEG sequelae of chronic marihuana use A replication using medically and psychiatrically screened normal subjects. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 56, 167-179. 

Abel EL. (1971). Marihuana and memory acquisition or retrieval Science. 173(4001) 1038-40. 

Abel EL. (1981). Marihuana and sex a critical survey. Drug Alcohol Dependence. 8(1) 1-22. 

Abel EL, Dintcheff BA, Day N. (1980). Effects of marihuana on pregnant rats and their offspring. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 71(1) 71-74. 

Clark LD, Hughes R, Nakashima EN. (1970). Behavioral effects of marihuana. Experimental studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 23(3) 193-98. 

Colasanti BK, Lindamood C 3d, Craig CR. (1982). Effects of marihuana cannabinoids on seizure activity in cobalt-epileptic rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 16(4) 573-78. 

Fried PA. (1995a). Prenatal exposure to marihuana and tobacco during infancy, early and middle childhood effects and an attempt at synthesis. Arch Toxicol. 17 233-60. 

Grinspoon L. (1999). Marihuana Reconsidered, 2nd ed. Oakland, CA Quick American Archives. Orig. published Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1977. 

Grinspoon L, Bakalar JB. (1992). Marihuana. In Substance Abuse A Comprehensive Textbook, 2nd ed. Lowinson JH, Ruiz P, Millman RB, eds. Baltimore Williams and Wilkins, pp 236-46. 

Lukas SE, Mendelson JH, Benedikt R. (1995). Electroencephalographic correlates of marihuana-induced euphoria. Drug Alcohol Dependence. 37(2) 131-40. 

Mendelson JH, Mello NK, Ellingboe J, Skupny AS, Lex BW, Griffin M. (1986). Marihuana smoking suppresses luteinizing hormone in women. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 237(3) 862-66. 

Patrick G, Straumanis JJ, Struve FA, Fitz-Gerald MJ, Manno JE. (1997). Early and middle latency evoked potentials in medically and psychiatrically normal daily marihuana users a paucity of significant findings. Clin Electroencephalogr. 28(1) 26-31. 

Perez-Reyes M, Hicks RE, Bumberry J, Jeffcoat AR, Cook CE. (1988). Interaction between marihuana and ethanol effects on psychomotor performance. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 12(2) 268-76. 

Struve FA, Patrick G, Straumanis JJ, Fitz-Gerald MJ, Manno J. (1998). Possible EEG sequelae of very long duration marihuana use pilot findings from topo-... 

Hemp Cannabis sativa Flowers, leaves Marihuana tetrahydrocannabinol Smoked Sedative Worldwide Origin China... 

Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) is a dioecious annual flowering plant. Marihuana is the Spanish name for the dried leaves and female flowering tops of the hemp plant. Hashish is the resin which originates from these female flowering tops. The hemp s natural homeland is most likely in the regions north of Afghanistan and the Altai mountains of southern Siberia (Russia). It is not clear when and where cultivation of hemp Cannabis sativa L.) started. It seems most likely that the cultivation of hemp may have originated in northeastern Asia (north and north-east China and southeastern Siberia). 

Guerrero Davalos S, Fournier G, Boucher F, Paris M, Contribution to thesmdy of Mexican marihuana. Preliminary studies Cannabinoids and essential oA, Journal de Pharmacie de Belgique 32 89—99, 1977. 

Adams R, Loewe S, Pease DC, Cain CK, Wearn RB, Baker BR, Wolff H, Structure of cannabidiol. VIII. Position of the double bonds in cannabidiol. Marihuana activity of tetrahydrocannabinols, J Amer Chem Soc 62 2566—2567, 1940. 

Adams R, Baker BR, Structure of Cannabidiol. VII. A Method of Synthesis of a Tetrahydrocannabinol which Possesses Marihuana Activity, J Amer Chem Soc 62 2405-2408, 1940. 

MAO, see monoamine oxidase Marihuana, 394 Mary Jane, 394 Mebrohydroline, 319 Mebrophenhydramine, 44 Mebutamate, 218 Meclastine, 44 Meclizine, 59 Meclofenamic acid, 110 Medazepam, 368 Medrogestone, 182, 183 Medroxyprogesterone acetate, 180, 186, 188 Medrylamine, 41 Mefenamic acid, 110 Mefruside, 134 Megesterol acetate, 180 Melengesterol acetate, 182, 183, 187... 

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