Manufacturing process contamination

If the steam is used in certain manufacturing processes, contamination may be undesirable, e.g. in food plant. 

Finally, herbal products imported from China may be contaminated with pesticides or with heavy metals added during the manufacturing process. Contaminated Chinese herbals have led to cases of arsenic, lead, mercury, thallium, and cadmium poisoning. Similarly, investigations of traditional Indian Ayurvedic remedies have shown them to sometimes contain dangerous levels of lead, zinc, mercury, arsenic, aluminum, and tin. 

Twelve oxygen grades are defined by the Gas Specification Committee of the Compressed Gas Association (CGA) (24), 10 of which are given in Table 4. The contaminants identified relate to possible residues from the atmosphere as well as particulates or fibers that may have been contributed by the manufacturing process or the distribution system. In addition, government agencies and certain commercial users have developed specifications for individual needs (25). In most cases, these specifications closely parallel the CGA grades. 

The purity of commercial barium depends to a large extent on the purity of the raw material used. Impurities such as calcium, magnesium, and alkaU metal compounds are reduced in the manufacturing process and can contaminate the barium. The typical composition of commercial barium is shown in Table 2. 

Conduct exploratory and engineering activities in the methods and technology of manufacture as applied to assigned commodities and their components, materials and ancillary equipment except projectile metal parts which are the responsibility of Frank ford Arsenal, and specified elements of chemical items which are the re-sponsibility of Edge wood Arsenal. This is to include support of plant/facilities modernization within ARMCOM, abatement of environmental contamination caused by manufacturing processes and exploitation of automation techniques... 

There are many process contaminants that may be inadvertently carried back with the condensate following either the purposeful injection of live steam into, say, an industrial manufacturing process or that can infiltrate the system due to a leaking heating coil, an open surge tank, or similar access point. 

There are a number of major, international manufacturers of coagulant and flocculant polymers whose primary markets are high-volume users (i.e., cities, states, and national governments). There are also many smaller regional manufacturers who tend to specialize in niche markets and produce various polymer blends (organic polymers blended with various ratios of inorganic coagulants such as ACH, PAC, and alum). These polymer blends are particularly useful in industrial facilities where process contamination and difficult clarification problems may exist. 

For the organic contaminants, the required bromine product quality wilt also be site specific. If the catalytic oxidation unit is dedicated to a single bromination process, phase separation and drying may be the only purification required. Contaminants in the recovered bromine which are either the starting materials or products of the original bromination reaction should not present a problem if present in bromine recycled to the bromination reactor. In this case, the catalytic reactor would be operated to minimize the formation of undesirable brominated byproducts. For example, if phenol is present in the waste HBr from a tribromo-phenol manufacturing process, minor tribromophenol contamination of the bromine recycled to the reactor should not be a problem. Similarly, fluorobenzene in bromine recycled to a fluorobenzene bromination process should not present a problem. 

Variations in the manufacturing process of 2,4,5-trichloro- and pentachlorophenol (but not 2,4-dichlorophenol) have sometimes resulted in contamination of the product by small amounts of heterocyclic impurities (4,5). Of these, the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins such as TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) have received much scientific and public attention because of their real or potential toxicity 6, 7), [Chick edema factor, a curious toxicological problem to poultry producers for several years, has been shown to be composed of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (8).]... 

Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a contaminant in 2,4,5- trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) which may occur in the manufacturing process. Before 1971 some samples of 2,4,5-T contained from 2-50 ppm TCDD (i) in the technical acid. Highest concentrations of TCDD occurred before 1968. 

False. Most street drugs contain contaminating substances. These have either been added deliberately to bulk out the drug or have been left in as a result of inadequate manufacturing processes. Sometimes the contaminants can be extremely harmful to health. 

Before the EPA proceeds on a regulatory action, registrants whose products exceed the 10 risk level from nitroso contamination, will be given the opport mity to lower potential exposure to applicators and other users of their pesticides. Reduction of exposure and, thus, reduction of risk can be accomplished by modification of the manufacturing process (see below), improved packaging technology, modification of application technique (e.g. closed systems), or deletion of high-exposure uses. 

Miller, W. G., Incidence of Microbial Contamination of Emulsion Paints During the Manufacturing Process, JOCCA, 1973, 56 (7) 307. 

In severe cases, paralysis may also affect the upper limbs. Recovery is usually slow and is not always complete. Tri-ort/20-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), an isomer found in tricresyl phosphate, was the first organophosphate ester linked to OPIDN, being responsible for an epidemic of paralysis in the southeastern United States that led to the name "ginger jake paralysis" (Smith 1930) (see Section 2.4). Current manufacturing processes for organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids are designed to minimize production of this isomer, although it is possible that fluids disposed of in the past may be contaminated. 

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