Manual labor

Enclosed agitated filters are useful when volatile solvents are in use or when the solvent gives off toxic vapor or fume. Another significant advantage is that their operation does not require any manual labor. Control can be manual or automatic, usually by timers or by specific measurements of the product. Most filters are made of mild steel, with the exposed surfaces protected by lead, tile, mbber lining, or by coating or spraying with other substances as necessary. Filtration areas up to 10 m are available and the maximum cake thickness is 1 m. Apphcations are mainly in the chemical industry for the recovery of solvents. 

Hand-arbeit, /. hand work manual labor handiwork, -aufgabe, /. hand feed(ing). -ausgabe, /. pocket edition, -betrieb, m. hand drive or operation, -buch, n. manual, handbook, compendium. -einstellung, /. hand adjustment. 

Few people do manual labor anymore. Technology has modified behavior so that most people burn 2,500 to 3,000 calories a day, not 4,000 or more calories as was common up until the 1960s. The washboard was replaced by the washing machine the manual push mower was replaced by the power mower the snow shovel was replaced by the snow blower the stairs were replaced by the elevator. Technology has made it easy to be inactive, yet few individuals will blame technology for their obesity. 

Since Americans enjoy the cheap food supply made possible from a huge agricultural surplus, and there seems to be no desire to reject technology and go back to a reliance on manual labor, the food surplus problem of an overweight and obese America is likely to remain for years to come. 

The diffusion of waterpower was initially slow— perhaps due to its relatively high capital costs, its geographical inflexibility, and the abundance of manual labor in both the classical Mediterranean world and m China. Only in the declining days of the Roman Empire, for example, did watermills become the standard means of grinding gram m some areas, displacing animal- and human-powered mills. 

St. Benedict founds Monte Cassino the Benedictine Order, which is to become a very powerful force in Western Christianity, adopts manual labor as a virtuous action. 

Fireside cleaning is essentially a manual labor job that requires brushing, vacuuming, and similar work practices. Close attention to preparatory work, such as installing plastic sheeting to minimize the spread of... 

The first important technical development in the chocolate manufacturing process occurred when water-powered mills superseded the use of manual labor to grind cocoa beans. This led to the establishment of many chocolate factories from 1804 to 1840. Early production consisted entirely of a type of chocolate beverage that was somewhat indigestible since none of the cocoa butter was removed during processing. In 1828, the Dutch firm of Van Houten invented the cocoa press, which facilitated the production of cocoa powder by partial removal of the cocoa butter from beans. 

Figure 1.2 The percentage of Americans who are obese has risen significantly in recent years and is at an all-time high, as demonstrated in this map from the year 2000. The rise in obesity is seen in males and females of all ages, including children. This increase in obesity has also been seen in all racial and ethnic groups. The increase in obesity is attributed to decreased exercise and manual labor, along with consumption of larger portions of high-calorie, high-fat foods.

In the United States and in other developed countries, modern technology allows people to be less active in their daily tasks, since many things today are automated and do not require manual labor. For example, years ago people walked to most places. Today, people have access to cars and public transportation to take them to these same places, thus limiting the need for physical activity. 

In the Home Modern appliances, such as microwaves, dishwashers, washing machines, and vacuum cleaners, are more prevalent People perform less manual labor at home, such as washing clothes and dishes, and cleaning floors by hand... 

At Work Technolgy, such as computers and automated farm and factory equipment, lead to more desk jobs Fewer jobs require manual labor... 

Due to its simplicity and wide applicability, PPT is important for sample pretreatment in early drug discovery when generic extraction of mixtures of candidates is more important than sensitivity. As a generic technique, PPT is attractive for high-throughput bioanalysis because it offers fast sample preparation and easy automation and requires minimal manual labor. 

Sample volume Precision Accuracy Absolute detection limit Relative detection limit Organic solvent consumption Equipment cost Cost of supplies Manual labor Automation Preparative... 

The vendor states that savings associated with the EnviroMetal Process are due to the low operation and maintenance costs for treatment walls. Because contaminants are destroyed rather than removed, process monitoring costs are negligible, and little or no waste products require disposal or regeneration on a regular basis. The vendor also states that since the technology is a passive treatment, there is no need for manual labor to operate, monitor, and maintain the system (D14522C, pp. 19, 20). 

Duchamp returned to the blocked window theme in 1921, and again an emblematic inscription—La Bagarre d Austerlitz (MD-132)—not quite identifies the intention of the work in question. Once again Marcel commissioned a carpenter to do most of the actual manual labor. Having semitransparent or frosted glass panels, this obvious variation, type fenitre, upon... 

Be able to perform heavy manual labor and have skill in operating heavy equipment. 

Be able to establish and maintain cooperative relationships with fellow employees and the public Be able to write reports and prepare records Possess a strong mechanical aptitude Be able to perform heavy manual labor and have skill in operating heavy equipment... 

Mechanical power, used to replace manual labor, gave more uniform mixtures. Over the top of funnel a cardboard sheet was placed to make sure that no impurities could fall into the bag... 

Tor effecting the amalgamation of tho concentrated auriferous ore or black eehlich by manual labor, the machine represented in Pig. 22G is sometimes employed. This consists of a species of. . ... 

There was also exhibited a specimen of leaf-gold, manufactured in London by means of steam machinery and there is little doubt that the article, so manufactured, will ultimately supersede the product of manual labor. 

In the manufacture of ordinary stoneware vessels, such as jars for preserves or pickles, milk pans, et cetera, the process of decanting the ofay from, water Would be too costly, and tho coarser impurities which might interfere with the formation of the ware, are therefore either removed by repeated kneadinga and treading out of the mass by manual labor, or separated by passing the clay through the. pay will—see Earthenware. 

J.4.1 Use of Mechanical Devices Such As Rubber Wipers. In order to reduce the amount of paint left clinging to the walls of a mix tank, rubber wipers are used to scrape the side of the tank. This operation requires manual labor and hence the percentage of waste reduction is a function of the operator. Since the benefits will be offset by increased labor, mechanization/automation should be considered. Many new mixers are available that are designed with automatic wall scrapers (Weismantel 1985). These mixers can be used with either flat or conical bottom cylindrical mix tanks. 

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