Mammals mouse

The protection afforded the fetus by the mother occurs by transfer of immunoglobulins from the maternal circulation to the fetal circulation across the placental barrier (the chorioallantoic placenta). This is not true of all species of mammals. In some the yolk sac appears to be the major route across which immunoglobulins are transferred (e.g., rabbit, guinea pig, and mouse). In others, such as goats, cows, and sheep, no immunoglobulins are transferred during intrauterine life but are obtained by the neonate from maternal colostrum by absorption across the gut. In some mammals (mouse, rat, dog) both pre- and postnatal transfer occurs (Schlamowitz, 1976). 

Table 1. Wnt and Frizzled proteins in mammals (mouse and human), D. melanogaster,...

C Test Object > Mammal, Mouse Ascites Tumor... 

The phthalate esters are one of the most widely used classes of organic esters, and fortunately they exhibit low toxicity (82). Because of the ubiquitous nature of phthalates, many iavestigations have been conducted to determine their toxicides to marine life as well as ia mammals (83—85). Generally, phthalates are not absorbed through the skin and are not very potent when inhaled. The phthalates become less toxic as the alcohol group increases in molecular weight. For example, dimethyl phthalate has an oral LD q (mouse) of 7.2 g/kg, whereas di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate shows an oral LD q (rat) of greater than 26 g/kg. 

Coppola D.M. and Vandenbergh J.G. (1987). Induction of a puberty-regulating chemosignal in wild house mouse population. J Mammal 68, 86-91. 

This suggests that cyclin A2 is not essential for the early embryonic cell cycles. Also D-type cyclins seem to be dispensable for the early mouse embryo cell cycle progression since embryonic stem (ES) cells do not express them at all before differentiation (Savatier et al 1996). We do not know, however, whether the D-type cyclins are also absent in the early embryo. These observations suggest that not only could the first cell cycles of the mouse embryo have specific modifications, but also further embryonic cell cycles are specifically modified as well. Mammalian embryonic cell cycles are probably modified often during development. Such studies could allow us to determine a profile of a minimal cell cycle in mammals which must, however, be much more complex than a simple S M phase embryonic cell cycle of amphibians or insects. 

Vande Woude I thought the mouse was different from other mammals. Many of the others use the sperm aster to bring the pronuclei together. 

A single intracardiac dose of 40 ig/g body weight lead acetate induced a 25-fold increase in mitosis of mouse liver cells 5 hours after injection (Choie and Richter 1978). Results were mixed for various manifestations of genotoxicity or cell cycle disruptions in several experiments with lead acetate in mammals (Bruce and Heddle 1979 Deknudt and Gerber 1979 Deknudt et al. 1977 Jacquet and Tachon 1981 Jacquet et al. 1977 Muro and Goyer 1969 Tachi et al. 1985 Willems et al. 1982). 

Proximity to the smokestacks of metal smelters is positively associated with increased levels of lead in the hair (manes) of horses and in tissues of small mammals, and is consistent with the results of soil and vegetation analyses (USEPA 1972). Lead concentrations were comparatively high in the hair of older or chronically impaired horses (USEPA 1972). However, tissues of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) collected near a zinc smelter did not contain elevated levels of lead (Sileo and Beyer 1985). Among small mammals near a metal smelter, blood ALAD activity was reduced in the white-footed mouse but normal in others, e.g., the short-tailed shrew (Beyer et al. 1985). The interaction effects of lead components in smelter emissions with other components, such as zinc, cadmium, and arsenic, are unresolved (USEPA 1972) and warrant additional research. 

MAMMALS Field mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus Near abandoned lead mine ... 

Famphur is administered to livestock by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, through the diet, as a dermal pour-on, or as an oral bolus. In mammals, famphur induced mortality at concentrations as low as 11.6 mg/kg BW in intraperitoneal injection (mouse), 27 mg/kg BW in a single oral exposure (mouse), >33.3 mg/kg BW in an intramuscular injection (Brahman cattle, Bos indicus), and 400 mg/kg BW in a dermal application (rat, Rattus sp.). Latent effects of famphur exposure were reported in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) hinds 1 year posttreatment (altered blood chemistry). Famphur is rapidly metabolized by mammals. The half-time persistence of famphur and famoxon in subcutaneous fat of cattle after a single pour-on application is 0.9 days and is independent of dose between 25 and 150 mg/kg BW or initial tissue residues between 1.8 and 2.3 mg/kg BW. 

Ten species of mammals (cow, Bos spp. domestic dog, Canis familiarise guinea pig, Cavia spp. domestic cat, Fells domesticuse human, Homo sapiens hamster, Cricetus spp. domestic mouse, Mus spp. domestic sheep, Ovis aries laboratory white rat, Rattus spp. domestic pig, Sus spp.). 

KLOSE, J., Protein mapping by combined isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis of mouse tissues. A novel approach to testing for induced point mutations in mammals, Humangenetik, 1975, 26,231-243. 

There are literally hundreds of markers that are currently available for the mouse and human than can be used to characterize lymphoid and myeloid cells and subsets in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Many of the markers expressed in mammals are highly conserved across species and have been designated as genetic clusters of differentiation (CD). CDs can be identified with fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies. As presented previously, when combined with other fluorescent probes, important information on intracellular biochemistry and cell function can be obtained. Many of the biochemical markers used by immunotoxicologists are common to other... 

Levin, M. et al., PCBs and TCDD, alone and in mixtures, modulate marine mammal but notB6C3Fl mouse leukocyte phagocytosis J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, A, Current Issues, 68, 635, 2005. 

---