Tissue residues

Tissue residues in food-producing animals to document persistence in edible tissues. 

In field trials following multiple aerial applications of endosulfan for tsetse fly control in Africa over a 3-month period, residues of the compound in fish tissues decreased to low concentrations within 3 months after spraying. The fish tissue residues were still detectable after 12 months. Residue concentrations in fish-eating birds and crocodiles were similar to fish tissue residue levels endosulfan did not biomagnify in the food chain (HSDB 1999). 

Jarvinen AW, Ankley G. 1999. Linkage of effects to tissue residues development of a comprehensive database for aquatic organisms exposed to inorganic and organic chemicals. Pensacola (FL) SETAC. 

A survey of the literature with a key phrase tissue residue analysis yielded a distribution of separation and detection techniques as outlined in Table 2. LC with either UV or fluorescence detection was the most common separation and detection technique, representing 61% of the citations. The results are an indication of the maturity of LC as a common, well-understood technique. The second most commonly used technique cited in the literature (13%) was GC with either a mass-selective or electron capture detector. GC is also a mature technology and a good choice owing to the... 

Table 2 Survey results of separation and detection methods used in tissue residue analysis...

Several considerations influence the suitability of the immunoassay as a qualitative or quantitative tool for the determination of tissue residues. These include the assay format, the end user (on-farm or laboratory use), effects of sample matrix on the analysis, cross-reactivity considerations, detection levels required of the assay, target tissues to be used in the assay, and the use of incurred or fortified tissues for validation of the immunoassay against accepted instrumental methods. Although these variables are often interrelated, each topic will be discussed in further detail below. 

Exon JH, Roller LD, Kerkvliet NI. 1979. Lead-cadmium interaction Effects on viral-induced mortality and tissue residues in mice. Arch Environ Health 34 469-475. 

Westemhagen, H.V., V. Dethlefsen, and H. Rosenthal. 1980. Correlation between cadmium concentrations in the water and tissue residue levels in dab, Limanda limanda L., and plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L. Jour. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK. 60 45-58. 

Mortality 100% by day 6. Dying birds showed decreased respiration, squatting, fluffed feathers, and abnormal head posture. Mean residues (mg/kg fresh weight) were 6.0 in bone, 7.3 in brain, 19.9 in kidney, 20.0 in muscle, and 40.2 in liver No deaths, reduced food consumption. All tissue residues <2.0 mg/kg fresh weight (vs. <0.1 in controls)... 

Fed pine voles (Pitymys pinetorium) from orchard After 86 days, tissue residues elevated in cat 12... 

Exposed to 10 pg Pb/m3air for one year Elevated tissue residues in blood, soft tissues, and bone 13... 

Tissue residues, fish (pg Hg/kg fresh weight) Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis ... 

From consumption of fish and shellfish products alone Tissue residues Less than 101.0 pg/L 6... 

Tissue residues Adverse effects on growth of the Asiatic >1.65 mg total silver/kg soft tissues, fresh weight 1... 

Tissue residues Marine clams, soft parts Normal 0.92 pg/L more than once every three years on average and the 1 -h concentration not to exceed 7.2 pg/L more than once every three years <1 mg total silver/kg dry weight 3... 

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