Lung development

Recommend a pharmacotherapy regimen for preterm labor that will prolong time to delivery and enhance fetal lung development while minimizing maternal side effects. 

Antibodies cause calcium channel dysfunction in Lambert-Eaton syndrome. Some patients with cancer, especially small-cell carcinoma of the lung, develop a syndrome of weakness associated with autonomic dysfunction as part... 

Longmore WJ (1982) The isolated perfused lung as a model for studies of lung metabolism. In Farrel PM (ed.) Lung Development Biological and Clinical Perspectives. Academic Press Inc, New York, pp 101-110. 

Burri PH (2006) Structural aspects of postnatal lung development—alveolar formation and growth. Biol Neonate 89(4) 313-322... 

These results show that retinyl esters in respiratory epithelium and in alveolar cells form a pool of vitamin A, which can be used physiologically by the tissue. The formation of retinol and at least RA from retinyl esters is strictly controlled. So far an unphysiological formation of RA and a subsequent toxicity seems not possible. Retinyl esters, however, are biochemically inert with respect to gene expression or vitamin A activity as long as they are not hydrolyzed. Consequently, the inhalative application, especially in cases of insufficient lung development, could represent a true alternative. The oral contribution is hardly successful because of the poor RBP s)mthesis of the liver and the lack of availability of a parenteral solution is currently not available. 

It has been found that air pollution in cities damages lung development in children. Use the information in the text and any other information to make a list of the pollutants responsible for this problem. 

Lung Development and Regeneration, edited by D. J. Massaro, G. Massaro, and P. Chambon... 

Although paraquat can be corrosive at the point of contact, it is a systemic poison that is devastating to a number of organs. The most prominent initial symptom of poisoning is vomiting, sometimes followed by diarrhea. Within a few days, dyspnea, cyanosis, and evidence of impairment of the kidneys, liver, and heart become obvious. In fatal cases, the lungs develop pulmonary fibrosis, often with pulmonary edema and hemorrhaging. 

Many of the studies on the effects of chemical exposures on the growth and development of the lungs have been performed in experimental animals however, patterns of lung development differ between animals and humans. Because of these differences, extreme care must be taken when extrapolating the results from animal studies to human situations. 

Studies of effects on the respiratory system after developmental exposure are not included in any regulatory test guidelines. Exposure during critical periods of lung development may have effects... 

Kumar VH, Lakshinrushimha S, Abiad MT, Chess PR, Ryan RM (2005) Growth factors in lung development. Adv Clin Chem, 40 261-316. 

Pongracz JE Stockley RA (2006) Wnt signalling in lung development and diseases. RespirRes, 7 15 (http //respiratory-research.eom/content/7/1/15). 

Zoetis T Hurtt ME (2003a) Species comparison of lung development. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol, 68(2) 121-124. 

Bernier G, Pool M, Kilcup M, Alfoldi J, De Repentigny Y, et al. 2000. Acf7 (MACF) is an actin and microtubule linker protein whose expression predominates in neural, muscle, and lung development. Dev Dyn 219 216-225. 

The scope of the method for assessment of foetal lung maturity has been extended for evaluation of the risk for development of RDS of new-boms by testing AF with blood and mecomium, obtained from women with normal pregnancy [33]. An experimental study of corticosteroid action on lung surfactant [34] as well as the effect of betamethasone (Celestone) on foetal lung development in rats [35] has been also carried out. 

Sosenko IRS, Frank L. Guinea pig lung development antioxidant enzymes and premature survival in high 02- Am J Physiol 252 (1987) R693-R698. 

Calcium channel blockers can worsen myasthenic syndromes. Myasthenia gravis can deteriorate with oral verapamil (58). A patient with Lambert-Eaton syndrome and a small-cell carcinoma of the lung developed respiratory failure within hours of starting treatment with verapamil for atrial flutter, and required assisted ventilation (59). Only after verapamil had been withdrawn did breathing improve. Verapamil affects calcium channels in nerve membranes in animals, but the experimental concentrations used exceeded those found in clinical practice (59). Thus, the evidence for a drug-related effect is circumstantial. In another case, diltiazem triggered Lambert-Eaton syndrome, which improved with drug withdrawal (60). 

Polluted air is a postnatal developmental problem as well as a prenatal one. Studies in California have demonstrated that exposure to polluted air impairs lung development and lung function in children and young adults. I35-37 ... 

Snyder JM, Mendelson CR, Johnston JM. The morphology of lung development in the human fetus. In Nelson GH, ed. Pulmonary development transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life. New York Marcel Dekker Inc, 1985 19-46. 

Whitsett JA, Wert SE Molecular determinants of lung development in Chernick V Boat TF (eds) Kewndig s Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children. Philadelphia, Saunders 1998, pp 1-19. 

Role of nutritional factors in infants immune tunction and lung development. 

At birth, renal blood flow is 12 mL/min and the kidneys receive only 5-6% of cardiac output compared to 15-25% in adults (normalized to body surface area). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly proportional to gestational age beyond 34 weeks. GFR increases rapidly over the first few weeks of fife, with smaller increases throughout the first year of life. Preterm infants have reduced GFR but exhibit more rapid development in the postnatal period than would have occurred in utero if delivered at term. The peripartum use of steroids to promote lung development during preterm labor may expedite maturation of renal function as well. 

Springer DL, Hackett PL, Miller RA, et al. 1986a. Lung development and postnatal survival for rats exposed in utero to a high-boiling coal liquid. J Appl Toxicol 6 129-133. 

Similarly, the role of CTa in lung development was studied in an inducible, epithelial cell-specific CTa knockout mouse (S. Jackowski, 2007). Elimination of CTa starting at embryonic day 7.5 did not adversely limit lung development but resulted in respiratory failure at birth. Thus, CTa is required for secretion of PC and formation of lamellar bodies and surfactant protein homeostasis. 

Minoo P, King RJ (1994) Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in lung development. Annu Rev Physiol 56 13-45... 

Considering that T3 does not cross the placental membrane and, therefore, cannot be useful in treating fetal thyroid hormone deficiencies or in stimulating lung development immediately before premature birth, what would be your solution to overcome this problem ... 

Pills for diabetes may delay the baby s lung development. ... 

Oral hypoglycemics do not affect fetal lung development. 

W. Hammel. 1987. Lung development under the influence of thiourea and L-thyroxine. Retarding and toxic effects of thiourea. Res. 

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