Lung cancer metastasis

Garbisa, S., Scagliotti G., Masiero L., Di Francesco C., Caenazzo C., Onisto M., Micela M., Stetler-Stevenson, W. G. and Liotta, L. A. (1992). Correlation of serum metalloproteinase levels with lung cancer metastasis and response to therapy Cancer Res. 52, 4548—4549. 

Chemo, chemotherapy NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer PORT, postoperative radiotherapy TNM, tumor node metastasis. 

Takanami, I. Overexpression of CCR7 mRNA in nonsmall cell lung cancer correlation with lymph node metastasis. Int J Cancer 2003 105 186-189. 

Lin, R.K., Hsu, C.H. and Wang, YC. (2007) Mithramycin A inhibits DNA methyltransferase and metastasis potential of lung cancer cells. Anti-Cancer Drugs, 18, 1157-1164. 

Because of early dissemination, staging of patients with small-cell lung cancer is more extensive than for patients with NSCLC. It is important to rule out distant metastasis because it will change the role of thoracic radiation in the treatment of these patients. Staging should include a complete history and physical examination, CAT scans of chest and upper abdomen to include the liver and adrenal glands, brain MRI scan, bone scan, complete blood count, and a possible bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. 

T. Hara, K. Inagaki, N. Kosaka, T. Morita, Sensitive detection of mediastinal lymph node metastasis of lung cancer with IlC-choline PET, J. Nucl. Med. 41(9) (2000) 1507-1513. 

Ichiki K, Mitani N, Doki Y, Hara H, Misaki T, Saiki I. 2000. Regulation of activator protein-1 activity in the mediastinal lymph node metastasis of lung cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 18 539-545. 

Cadherins. Cadherins are a group of glycoproteins that facilitate Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesive interactions.20 When cadherin function is disrupted, the release of a tumor cell can result. It was shown that the aggressive metastasis of undifferentiated epithelial carcinoma cells that had lost cell-cell adhesion could be stopped by transfection with E-cad-herin cDNA.21 Therefore, it was suggested that E-cadherin suppresses metastasis,22 which was further supported by more recent studies that showed the loss of adhesion of human gastric, prostatic, and lung cancer cells was due to the gene mutation of a protein associated with the proper function of cadherin.23... 

Muller-Tidow, C., Metzger, R., Kugler, K., Diederichs, S., Idos, G., Thomas, M., Dockhorn-Dwomiczak, B., Schneider, P.M., Koeffler, H.P., Berdel, W.E., and Serve, H. 2001. Cyclin E is the only cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated cyclin that predicts metastasis and survival in early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 61, 647-653. 

Among 4 cases of nasal carcinoma in men who worked for 19 and 32 years in a Japanese chromate factory, 1 patient was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the left nasal cavity 11 years after retirement (Satoh et al. 1994). The other three patients underwent lobectomy for lung cancer, and 6-15 years later, all three contracted nasal cancer, two in the nasal cavity and one in the nasopharynx. The period for the appearance of nasal cancer was about 39 years after first being exposed to chromium. No mention was made of the possibility of metastasis of lung cancer to the nasal region. 

Kikuchi T, Daigo Y, Katagiri T, Tsunoda T, Okada K, Kakiuchi S, Zembutsu H, Furukawa Y, Kawamura M, Kobayashi K, Imai K, Nakamura Y, Expression profiles of nonsmall cell lung cancers on cDNA microarrays Identification of genes for prediction of lymph-node metastasis and sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs, Oncogene, 22 2192-2205, 2003. 

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