Lube oil Analysis

Lube oil analysis shows eorrosion faetor inerease... 

Particle count tests are important to anticipating potential system or machine problems. This is especially true in hydraulic systems. The particle count analysis made a part of a normal lube oil analysis is quite different from wear particle analysis. In this test, high particle counts indicate that machinery may be wearing abnormally or that failures may occur because of temporarily or permanently blocked orifices. No attempt is made to determine the wear patterns, size and other factors that would identify the failure mode within the machine. 

Oil analysis has become an important aid to preventive maintenance. Laboratories recommend that samples of machine lubricant be taken at scheduled intervals to determine the condition of the lubricating film that is critical to machine-train operation. Typically eleven tests are conducted on lube oil samples ... 

Two-way analysis of variance (and higher classifications) leads to the presence of interactions. If, for example, an additive A is added to a lube oil stock to improve its resistance to oxidation and another additive, B, is added to inhibit corrosion by the stock under load or stress, it is entirely possible that the performance of the lube oil in a standard ball-and-socket wear test will be different from that expected if only one additive has present. In other words, the presence of one additive may adversely or helpfully affect the action of the other additive in modifying the properties of the lube oil. The same phenomenon is clearly evident in a composite rocket propellant where the catalyst effect on burning rate of the propellant drastically depends on the influence of fine oxidizer particles. These are termed antagonistic and synergistic effects, respectively. It is important to consider the presence of such interactions in any treatment of multiply classified data. To do this, the two-way analysis of variance table is set up as shown in Table 1.24. 

In summary, we have shown that by pyrolyzing waste polymers such as polyethylene, waxy products similar to those from Fischer-Tropsch processing can be made, which can then be converted to high-quality lubricant oils via wax hydroisomerization. While a detailed economic analysis has not yet been carried out, the much higher value of lube oil relative to transportation fuels suggests that this may be a more viable and profitable way of disposing of waste plastic, a growing waste stream problem. 

Source F. Noel, The Characterization of Lube Oils and Fuel Oils by DSC Analysis, Journal of the Institute of Petroleum 57(558) 354-358 (1971). With permission. 

FIGURE 6.7 Normal and non-normal paraffin distributions in a waxy 100N feed to dewaxing. Source R. J. Taylor and A. J. McCormack, Study of Solvent and Catalytic Lube Oil Dewaxing by Analysis of Feedstocks and Products, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 31, pp. 1731-1738 (1992). With permission. 

Structural Analysis of Charge Stock and Waxy Lube Oil Product... 

S. M. Jacob, R. J. Quann, E. Sanchez, and M. E. Wells, Lube Oil Processing— 1. Compositional Modeling Reduces Crude-Analysis Time, Predicts Yields, Oil and Gas Journal July 6 51-58 (1998). 

Figure 5. - Thermal Desorption-GCMS Analysis of SOF From Diesel Particulates Compared With Diesel Lube Oil and Diesel Fuel...

D4951 ICP-AES Additives and lube oils Widely used in additives industry for metals analysis... 

D5185 ICP-AES Additives, lube oils, and used oils Widely used in additives and oil industry for metal analysis... 

Day M, Bauer C (2007) Water contamination in hydraulic and lube systems. Practicing oil analysis. http //www.machineryIubrication.com/Read/1084/ water-contamination-lube. Accessed II Dec 2012... 

Machalkova [643] has described analysis of polymer composites and rubber blends with emphasis on separation of low-MW additives by instrumental methods. Examples refer to analysis of inorganic filler- or synthetic fibre-reinforced plastics and laminated plastic Aims using PyGC and IR. The versatility of PyGC has further been exemplified by Jones [633] as a thermovolatilisation technique for direct determination of occluded volatiles and low-MW additives in lube oil, novolac resins and HDPE, of plasticisers and vinylchloride in PVC, and of solvent residues in paints and bitumens, etc. Dicumylperoxide (DCP) in LDPE was identified through detection of three main by-products of reaction, acetophenone, a-methylstyrene and 2-phenylpropan-2-ol [633]. 

Chem. Analysis Inorganic sairs 0.3% water content 2.0% sodium sulfonate 62% Uses Emulsifier, corrosion inhibitor for metalworking fluids, textile prods., oil well drilling compds. wetting agent for lube oils, cleaning compds., flotation aids Features Easily waste-treatable... 

Reactor Operations Department routine rounds procedures are used to collect predictive maintenance information. Motor stator temperatures and bearing temperatures are recorded periodically on the operator s round sheets. Lube oil sampling for tfie Bingham pumps is performed using DPSOL 105-6101A, "Sample-Analysis Schedule and Control-Routine" (Reference 13) DPSOL 6101B, "Sample Description And Location" (Reference 14) and DPSOL 6101C, "Sample Analysis Schedule and Control-Data Sheet and Schedule" (Reference 15). 

Mechanical analysis. This includes detailed analysis of the bearing temperatures, lube, and seal oil systems and other mechanical subsystems. 

The pyrolysis bottoms were then hydroisomerized to give a —22°C pour point, 4.4 cSt oil of 154 VI (Table 13.3). The overall 343°C- - yield, based on feed to the pyrolyzer, was 44 wt%. Adding the potential lube from oligomerizing the lighter olefinic product from the pyrolyzer would increase the 343°C- - yield to about 59 wt%. However, in this run, a significant amount of 343°C— was in the feed to the hydroisomerization step (10 wt% based on feed to the pyrolyzer). Had this been sent to oligomerization, the potential 343°C- - would be at 67 wt% (Figure 13.11), based on the PONA olefin analysis. 

Aromatic levels in lubricant feedstocks and base stocks are obvious parameters of interest to both the processor and the user. Table 8.1 shows how the compositions of fractions can vary depending on their distillation positions in a crude oil, in this case heavy crude.1 The analysis here should not be taken as representative of any crude used for lubes, but the general trends are typical for most crudes, that is, what are usually labeled as the impurities —nitrogen, sulfur, aromatics, and polars—all increase as boiling point increases. These components are essentially those which must be reduced in whatever lubes manufacturing process is employed. In hydroprocessing, these steps all consume hydrogen. 

---