Load-deformation response

Two types of test have been used to determine the load-deformation response of bolted colunm-to-base joints. The first type is used to determine the response to uplift loading and may be carried out on a stub column in a universal test machine. An image of the bolted web and flange cleat joint at... 

Simulations indicate that the load-deformation response of Col is different when it interacts with HAp as compared to its response in the absence of HAp. The interface between Col and HAp affects the overall load-deformation response of Col. 

Further, bone also has a considerable amount of water which significantly infiuences the load-deformation response of polymer due to specific interactions. 

Laminated composite plates under in-plane tensile loading exhibit deformation response that is both like a ductile metal plate under tension and iike a metai plate that buckles. That is, a composite plate exhibits progressive faiiure on a layer-by-layer basis as in Figure 4-34. Of course, a composite plate in compression buckles in a manner similar to that of a metal plate except that the various failures in the compressive loading version of Figure 4-34 could be lamina failures or the various plate buckling events (more than one buckling load occurs). 

Compute Response (numerical integration solution) dead load deformation,... 

Deformational Response under Monotonic and Alternating Loading. . 174... 

Propagation values of the fracture toughness under mode n loading were insensitive to test environment for both CF/epoxy and ALF/epoxy laminates. Only initial values increased by changing the environment from RT-air to 77K-LN. This amount of increase was similar to that under mode I loading. Deformation and fracture of hackles are responsible for this insensitivity. 

Figure 9.7. Types of deformational response as a result of a fixed load being imposed betweem times to and ti (a), (b) Ordinary elastic material, (c) Highly elastic material, (d) Viscous material...

FIGURE 3.7 Types of deformational response as a result of (a) a fixed load being imposed between times to and tj (b) ordinary elastic material (c) highly elastic material (d) viscous material. 

Malcolm, L.L. An Experimental Investigation of the Frictional and Deformational Responses of Articular Cartilage Interfaces to Static and Dynamic Loading, Ph.D. thesis. University of California, San Diego, 1976. 

Typical load-lateral deformation responses at midheight are shown in Figure 7.33 for temperatures up to 180 °C [22], At 220 °C, deformations were less than 0.5 mm and therefore below the photographic measurement accuracy. The curves exhibit similar pre- and post-buckling shapes and temperature-dependence as shown in Figure 7.32 for the axial displacements. 

To determine the load distribution in a bolted connection accurately, taking into account the elastic properties of the joined members and the fasteners explicitly, it would be necessary to use a numerical method such as the finite element method (FEM). To greatly simplily the calculation of fastener load distribution it is assumed that the members are macroscopically rigid and that the elasticity is limited to local areas in the vicinity of the fasteners. It may furthermore be assumed that the load versus deformation response of an individual fastener is linear. Thus, the effect of member stiffness on fastener load distribution is taken into account by means of special correction factors. 

It is known that the stress-strain and load-deformation relationships of the ACL are dependent on strain rate due to its viscoelastic property. Although perfectly elastic materials respond to loading and unloading instantaneously, viscoelastic materials have a time-dependent response to loading and unloading. Biological tissues usually exhibit remarkable viscoelastic behavior due to high water content. It is... 

Overall, other than underestimation of compressive strains, the MVLEM proves to be an effective modeling approach for the flexural response prediction of slender RC walls, as the model provides good predictions of the experimentally observed global and local responses, including wall lateral load capacity and lateral stiffness at varying drift levels, yield point, cyclic properties of the load-displacement response, rotations (average over the region of inelastic deformations), position of the neutral axis and tensile strains. 

Constitutive modeling of the rate, temperature, and hydration dependent deformation response of Nafion to monotonic and cyclic loading. J. Power Sources, 195, 5692-5706. 

The deformation response of a material to a given loading regime is described by generalized equations known as constitutive relations. For uniaxial loading in the limit of small strains, the simplest of these is known as Hooke s Law and linearly relates the stress to the strain ... 

Figure 14.7 shows the lateral drifts of 39 scale-model tests at the recoverability limit in comparison with the maximum achieved drifts (point D or E of Fig. 14.1 according to colunm response). Figure 14.7(a) displays colunms with flexural and lap-splice deficiencies, and columns with shear deficiencies are depicted in Fig. 14.7(b). Below the line representing the lateral drifts of the columns at the recoverability limit, columns are within the recoverable state and beyond this line, columns residual drifts are over 1%, which means columns enter into the irrecoverable state. Although lateral deformation at the recoverability limit of any of these samples does not correspond to a specific point on the idealized lateral load-deformation relationship of the FRP-RC damage-controllable structure, it is noticeable that most columns could not stay recoverable until point D of Fig. 14.1 (the end point of the achieved post-yield stiffness). 

A typical load-displacement curve is shown in Fig. 2. The loading portion of the curve results from both plastic and elastic deformation response of the contact, while the unloading portion of the curve is related to the elastic recovery of the contact. If the indenter geometry and materials properties are known, the modulus can be obtained by fitting the unloading curve to determine the contact stiffness at maximum load (i4, 17). In this case,... 

Implementation of the proposed damage model requires experimental data for the determination of the model parameters, as well as a method for structural response analysis. Structural response under seismic loading will depend on the load-deformation characteristics of masonry, which is nonlinear and hysteretic. In addition, severe strength deterioration can be expected after reaching its ultimate strength. A nonlinear-hysteretic stochastic response analysis method is proposed to accurately predict the response of masonry structures with the above characteristics. 

To evaluate the statistics of the damage index of masonry given by Eqs. 3 to 5, it is necessary to obtain the corresponding statistics of the response quantities Uj and f dE. This requires a load-deformation model for masonry and a method for response analysis under stochastic loadings. 

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