Damage models

Dasgupta, A. and Pecht, M. 1991 Material Failure Mechanisms and Damage Models. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 40(5), 531-536. 

Pietersen compared damage results to effect and damage models that were available at the time. His main findings follow ... 

A broader regulatory application of air quality modeling is the examination of regional plans for abatement of air pollution. Ideally, each plan should be tested by a reliable model that will tell what the pollutant concentrations will be in the future if emission is reduced as specified by the plan. Therefore, alternative approaches must be evaluated both with respect to their effectiveness in cleaning the air and with respect to their social costs, and cost models and possibly even damage models must be used concurrently with the air quality model. Only in this way can a least-cost abatement strategy be implemented. 

In short fiber composites, energy absorption mechanisms, such as interfacial debonding and matrix cracking, most often occur at the fiber ends (Curtis et al., 1978). The damage model proposed by Bader et al. (1979) assumes that short fiber composites fail over a critical cross-section which has been weakened by the accumulation of cracks, since the short fibers bridging this critical zone are unable to carry the load. In fatigue loading, sudden fracture takes place as a direct result from the far-field effect of the composite, rather than due to the near field of the crack tip... 

In terms of numerical procedures for multiscale modeling, Fish and Shek [245] laid out a numerical technique for global and local interactions for composites. Later, Fish and Yu [246] in a three-scale concurrent multiscale methodology for composites analysis introduced a nonlocal damage model. 

Fig. 4.11 Corvette cradle modeling and simulation results from the internal state variable plasticity-damage model coupled with the multistage fatigue model demonstrating the capability to predict the experimental result for redesigning the cradle from aluminum to magnesium...

R. Talreja Further developments in continuum damage modeling of composites aided by micromechanics. ASME App. Mech. Div. 150, 103 (1993)... 

D.H. Allen et al A cumulative damage model for continuous fiber composite laminates with matrix cracking and interply delaminations. ASTM Sp. Tech. Pub. 972, 57-80 (1988)... 

Tanaka Y (2007) A local damage model for anomalous high toughness of double-network gels. Europhys Lett 78 5600.5... 

Geologic materials like oil shale are commonly treated as elastic/plastic solids. Fracture under intense loading is then modeled as an extension of plasticity or is treated with a separate fracture model. In applications like rock blasting, the latter approach is preferable, since fracture of rock is qualitatively different from plastic flow. Even so, continuum damage models have been used to model blasting for engineering applications. Some calculations with such a model will be presented below. 

Scutellaria rivulis Benth is a folk medicine in Taiwan, used for the treatment of tumors, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, jaundice. The chloroform extract of the plant demonstrated the most hepatoprotective effect of five other extracts. Consequently, three major components baicalein (55), baicalin (56) and wogonin (53) of this extract were further investigated for their hepatoprotective activity. This was done in vivo using three liver damage models, induced by APAP, CCI4 and D-GaIN in rats. The... 

Zheng Shaohe and Zhu Weishen, 2001, Theoretical analysis on a coupled seepage-damage model of fractured rock rrmss, Chinese J. Rock Mech. Eng., Vol.20, No.2, pp. 156-159... 

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