Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells

E. Wisse, Assessment of a method of isolation, purification, and cultivation of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Lab. Invest. 70 944-952 (1994). 

Braet, R, Dezanger, R., Baekeland, M., Crabbe, E., van der Smissen, R, Wisse, E. Structure and dynamics of the fenestrae-associated cytoskeleton of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Hepatology 1995,27, 180-189. 

Knolle PA, Schmitt E, Jin S, Germann T, Duchmann R, Hegenbarth S, Gerken G, Lohse AW (1999) Induction of cytokine production in naive CD4(-h) T cells by antigen-presenting murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells but failure to induce differentiaticm toward Thl cells. Gastroenterology 116 1428-1440... 

Takei Y, Ikejima K, Enomoto N, Maruyama A, Sato N. Genetic manipulation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Keio University International Symposia for Life Sciences and Medicine 2005 13 129-134. 

Kim and Rajagopalan (2010) prepared chitosan/HA multilayer scaffolds to mimic the space of Disse of liver and to preserve or enhance liver-specific behaviors of hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Hepatocytes and LSECs cultured in the 3D hepatic model scaffold exhibited several key phenotypic characteristics for 12 days due to the enhanced heterotypic cell-cell interactions. Further, hepatocytes and LSECs on the chitosan/HA scaffolds increased CYPlAl/2 and CYP3A activity while albumin production increased threefold to sixfold. 

Under normal conditions the sinusoidal endothelial cells are flat thin cells lying close against the hepatocyte surface, separated only by the periplasmic space. Cold preservation of the liver causes the endothelial cells to round up and detach, although they are not actually... 

Figure 4.1. Schematic representation of the architecture of the liver. Blood enters the liver through the portal vein (PV) and hepatic arteries (HA), flows through the sinusoids, and leaves the liver again via the central vein (CV). KC, Kupffer cells SEC, sinusoidal endothelial cells HSC, hepatic stellate cells BD, bile duct. Modified from reference 98.

Figure 4.2. Diagram outlining the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Injury to parenchymal cells (PC) results in the activation of Kupffer cells (KC) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) and the recruitment of inflammatory cells (IC). These cells release cytokines, growth factors and reactive oxygen species that induce activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). HSCs gradually transform into myofibroblasts (MF), the major producers of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins.

Lewis, J.G. Swenberg, J.A. (1983) The kinetics of DNA alkylation, repair and replication in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and sinusoidal endothelial cells in rat liver during continuous exposure to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Carcinogenesis, 4, 529-536... 

K. Kagawa, and K. Kashima, The change of sinusoidal endothelial cells in experimental liver cirrhosis—in vivo and in vitro study, Cells of Hepatic Sinusoid (D. 

H. Muro, H. Shirasawa, I. Kosugi, and S. Nakamura, Defect of Fc receptors and phenotypical changes in sinusoidal endothelial cells in human liver cirrhosis, Am. J. Pathol. 743 105-120 (1993). 

Magnusson, S., Berg, T. (1993). Endoc dosis of ricin by rat liver cells in vivo and in vitro is mainly mediated by mannose receptors on sinusoidal endothelial cells. Biochem. J. 291 749-55. 

The liver possesses a variety of characteristics that make this organ very attractive for gene therapy. The proportion of administered macromolecules internalized by hepatocytes depends on their particle size and biochemical characteristics. Only relatively small molecules can pass the fenestrae of sinusoidal endothelial cells in... 

Fig. 4 Confocal laser scans of human hepatocyte spheroids, (a) Human hepatocyte spheroid. Nuclei appear blue (DAPI staining). Bile canaliculi are visualized by green fluorescence (staining of the bile canalicular marker DPPIV). (b) Similar spheroid as shown in (a), with inclusion of sinusoidal endothelial cells (red) into the hanging drop culture. The endothelial cells do not form vessel-like structures as in vivo but build an epithelium at the surface of the spheroid, (c) Kupffer cells integrated into a spheroid of hepatocytes. (d) Reconstructed bile canalicular network of a spheroid of human hepatocytes. (e) Bile canalicular network of liver tissue...

Terada T, Nakanuma Y. Expression of ABH blood group antigens, receptors of Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, and factor Vlll-related antigen on sinusoidal endothelial cells in adenomatous hyperplasia in human cirrhotic livers. Hum Pathol. 1991 22 486-493. 

Yamane, A. Seetharam, L. Yamaguchi, S. Gotoh, N. Takahashi, T. Neu-feld, G. Shibuya, M. A new communication system between hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver through vascular endothelial growth factor and Fit tyrosine kinase receptor family (Flt-1 and KDR/ Flk-1). Oncogene, 9, 2683-2690 (1994)... 

IL-1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine released from sinusoidal endothelial cells and activated Kupffer cells in response to liver injury (Blazka et al. 1995). As part of the acute phase response, IL-1 exacerbates inflammation by inducing the release of other pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and IL-8 (Kaplowitz and Tsuka-moto 1996 Liu et al. 1999). Additionally, IL-1 can recruit inflammatory cells to the liver by upregulating the expression of adhesion molecules (Lukacs et al. 1994, 1995). The observation that IL-1-neutralizing antibodies partially prevented liver injury in response to APAP treatment indicates that IL-1 might play a pro-inflammatory role in AILI (Blazka et al. 1995). 

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