Liver degeneration

Reye s syndrome A sudden, sometimes fatal, syndrome characterized by encephalopathy and liver degeneration it occurs in children after viral infection and may be associated with aspirin use. 

Domestic ewe, age 5 years, found moribund, suspected zinc poisoning Elevated zinc levels (mg/kg DW) in liver of 650 vs. 144 in controls, and in kidney 760 vs. 84 in controls muscle residues same as controls, i.e., 154 vs. 158 generalized jaundice liver degeneration and blockage of bile ducts. 18... 

Hepatic effects have been demonstrated in several animal studies conducted via inhalation and oral exposure with durations ranging from 3 days to 2 years. Observed effects have ranged from enzyme changes and porphyria to liver degeneration and necrosis. 

The SGOT and SGPT tests are also important in occupational medicine, to determine whether people exposed to carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, or other industrial solvents have suffered liver damage. Liver degeneration caused by these solvents is accompanied by leakage of various enzymes from injured hepato-cytes into the blood. Aminotransferases are most useful in the monitoring of people exposed to these chemicals, because these enzyme activities are high in liver and can be detected in very small amounts. 

In 1957, selenium was found to be essential in preventing liver degeneration of laboratory rats. Since then, research workers have found... 

Schwarz, K. and Foltz, C.M. 1957. Selenium as an integral part of factor 3 against dietary necrotic liver degeneration. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 3292-3293. 

Beg AA, Sha WC, Bronson RT, Ghosh S, Baltimore D (1995) Embryonic lethality and liver degeneration in mice lacking the ReLA component of NF-kappa B. Nature 376 167-170... 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion, intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by intravenous route anorexia, hallucinations and distorted perceptions, thrombosis, nausea or vomiting, fatty liver degeneration, impaired liver function, endocrine changes, and leukopenia (reduced white blood cell count). An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. 

Hetz H, Hoetzenecker K, Hacker S, Faybik P, Pollreisz A, Moser B, Roth G, Hoetzenecker W, Lichtenauer M, Klinger M, Krenn CG, Ankersmit HJ (2007) Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 and 20 S proteasome in liver degeneration. J Clin Lab Anal21(5) 277-281. doi 10.1002/jcla.20180... 

Gunes, C., R. Heuchel, O. Georgiev, K.H. Muller, P. Lichtlen, H. Bluthmann, S. Marino, A. Aguzzi and W. Schaffner. Embryonic lethality and liver degeneration in mice lacking the metal-responsive transcriptional activator MTF-1. EMBO J. 17 2846-2854, 1998. 

In single pulse and spin-echo spectra of normal human and animal plasma, there are few resonances in the chemical shift range to high frequency of 85.3 when measured in the pH range 3 to 8.5. However, on acidification of the plasma to pH <2.5, resonances from histidine and phenylalanine become detectable. In plasma from patients with Wilson s disease (liver degeneration secondary to an inborn error of caeruloplasin/copper metabolism), weak signals from histidine and tyrosine are seen in spin-echo spectra at pH 7.6, but... 

Caution Inhalation of vapor has been fata]. May cause nausea, vomiting, pains in head and chest, stupefaction. More toxic by skin contact than orally. Irritates mucous membranes and causes kidney and liver degeneration, cf Patty s Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology vol. 2C, G. D. Clayton, F. E. Clayton, Eds. (Wiley-interscience, New York, 4th ed., 1982) pp 4675-4684. 

Acute effects of ethylene oxide and its by-product ethylene chlorhydrin (CH2CICH2OH), formed by reaction with chloride ions, include symptoms of nausea, dizziness, and signs of mental disturbance. Ethylene chlorhydrin may also cause kidney and liver degeneration. The most serious effects of both substances may lead to cancer. Exposure to ethylene oxide induces irreversible chromosomal aberrations (sister chromatid exchange) and other ptecancerous changes in the peripheral lymphocytes. 

Dietary Necrotic Liver Degeneration, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. (1957) 79, 3292. 

Vitamin E Unknown Proteets against damage to membranes by oxygen deficieney causes liver degeneration. 10 mg... 

Vapors of hexachloroethane are an irritant to the eyes and mucous membranes. Oral doses of 1000 mg/kg produced weakness, staggering gait, and twitching muscles in dogs. Rabbits fed 1000 mg/kg for 12 days developed necrosis a lower amount, 320 mg/kg, caused liver degeneration no effects were observed at a dose level of 100 mg/kg (Weeks 1979). 

The toxicity of 2,4,5-T is very similar to that of 2,4-D. The symptoms are irritation of skin, acne-hke rash, somnolence, gastritis, fatty liver degeneration, and ataxia. 

With regard to the nutritional aspects of selenium metabolism, the essentiality of this element was established in studies which demonstrated that a number of deficiency diseases " such as exudative diathesis in chicks and turkeys, necrotic liver degeneration in rats and swine and white muscle disease which is a nutritional type of muscular dystrophy often affecting young lambs and calves, could be overcome or prevented by administering small doses of selenium. 

Increased liver and kidney weights increased clotting time liver degeneration slight tubular degeneration of the kidney. 

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