Lithium nickel cobalt oxide

Chen CH, Liu J, Stoll ME, Henriksen G, Vissers DR, Amine K (2004) Aluminum-doped lithium nickel cobalt oxide electrodes for high-power lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 128 278-285... 

Kim Y, Kim D, Kang S (2011) Experimental and first-principles thermodynamic study of the formation and effects of vacancies in layered lithium nickel cobalt oxides. Chem Mater 23 5388-5397. doi 10.1021/cm202415x... 

Figure 2.10 presents the thermodynamic and crystallographic properties of lithium nickel cobalt oxide LixNio 8Coo 202. The entropy curve is consistent with... 

Ravdel BA (1994) Kinetics of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide Electrode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries. Proceedings of the 186th Meeting of the Electrochem Soc. Miami Beach, Florida, Oct. 9-14, 1994. Abstract 638... 

Lithium nickel cobalt oxides can be prepared using routes similar to those used in the preparation of LiCoOj, although the properties of the material are more sensitive to the preparative method. Preparations of lithium nickel cobalt oxides are designed to achieve molecular mixing of the cobalt and nickel materials prior to their reaction. Lithium cobalt nickel oxides have been prepared from lithium, nickel and cobalt hydroxide co-precipitates from nitrate solutions, treated between 400°C and 800°C after removal of excess water. Another preparation includes treatment of Li2C03, C0CO3 and Ni(N03>2 6H2O at 400°C. ... 

There are a number of different hthium-ion chemistries now available that involve different positive and negative active materials. Traditionally, the positive active material consisted of hthium cobalt oxide, with some smaU market share going to lithium manganese oxide. Now, cells with positive active materials consisting of lithium nickel cobalt oxide, hthium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, or hthium iron phosphate are available. For the negative, carbons have traditionaUy been used, but... 

Julien C (2000) Local cationic environment in lithium nickel-cobalt oxides used as cathode materials for lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 136-137 887-896... 

Albrecht S, Kiimpers J, Kruft M, Malcus S, Vogler C, Wahl M, Wohlfahrt-Mehrens M (2003) Electrochemical and thermal behavior of aluminum- and magnesium-doped spherical lithium nickel cobalt mixed oxides Lii x(Nii y zCoyMz)02 (M=A1, Mg). J Power Sources 119-121 178-183... 

Metro Mobility of Minneapolis, St Paul, Minnesota, acquired smaller Azure Dynamics (AZD) gasoline-electric parallel hybrid buses with the AZD Balance Hybrid Drive and Forcedrive LIBs with lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) chemistry from Johnson Controls-Saft. 

Preparing LiNi02 with an excess amount of Li was found to be one of the methods to produce stoichiometric cathode material. Another, even more effective method for stabihzing the lithium nickel oxide structure was the introduction of cobalt and thus formation of the hthiated nickel cobalt oxide derivatives of LiNi02 material. These findings led to laboratory development and commercial production of various derivatives of lithium nickel oxide, summarized in Table 1.4. 

Substituted nickel oxides, such as LiNii j /3ojAl/l2, are prime candidates for the cathode of advanced lithium batteries for use in large-scale systems as required for hybrid electric vehicles. On charging these mixed oxides the nickel is oxidized first to Ni + then the cobalt to Co +. SAFT has constructed cells with these substituted nickel oxides that have been cycled 1000 times at 80% depth of discharge with an energy density of 120—130 Wh/kg. ... 

Finally, Al (/= 5/2) and Co NMR spectroscopy have been used to probe AP+ in Al-doped lithium cobalt oxides and lithium nickel oxides. A Al chemical shift of 62.5 ppm was observed for the environment Al(OCo)e for an AP+ ion in the transition-metal layers, surrounded by six Co + ions. Somewhat surprisingly, this is in the typical chemical shift range expected for tetrahedral environments (ca. 60—80 ppm), but no evidence for occupancy of the tetrahedral site was obtained from X-ray diffraction and IR studies on the same materials. Substitution of the Co + by AF+ in the first cation coordination shell leads to an additive chemical shift decrease of ca. 7 ppm, and the shift of the environment A1(0A1)6 (20 ppm) seen in spectra of materials with higher A1 content is closer to that expected for octahedral Al. The spectra are consistent with a continuous solid solution involving octahedral sites randomly occupied by Al and Co. It is possible that the unusual Al shifts seen for this compound are related to the Van-Vleck susceptibility of this compound. 

Ignition on contact with furfuryl alcohol powdered metals (e.g., magnesium iron) wood. Violent reaction with aluminum isopropoxide -f- heavy metal salts charcoal coal dimethylphenylphosphine hydrogen selenide lithium tetrahydroaluminate metals (e.g., potassium, sodium, lithium) metal oxides (e.g., cobalt oxide, iron oxide, lead oxide, lead hydroxide, manganese oxide, mercur oxide, nickel oxide) metal salts (e.g., calcium permanganate) methanol + phosphoric acid 4-methyl-2,4,6-triazatricyclo [5.2.2.0 ] undeca-8-ene-3,5-dione + potassium hydroxide a-phenylselenoketones phosphorus phosphorus (V) oxide tin(II) chloride unsaturated organic compounds. 

The layered lithium insertion cobalt and nickel oxides are materials of industrial importance [126]. The layered structure provides two-dimensional paths for lithium insertion, during which a charge transfer occurs involving the reduction of M" to... 

Ganesan, P. Colon, H. Haran, B. White, R. Popov, N.B. Study of cobalt-doped lithium-nickel oxides as cathodes for MCFC. J. Power Sources 2002, 111 (1), 109-120. 

Recent patent disclosures by the Standard Oil Co. of Indiana indicate that their process for the polymerization of ethylene is also a relatively low-pressure process, and the following process information is based on these disclosures. The polymerization process is a fixed-bed process employing a prereduced catalyst, ethylene pressures of 809-1,000 psi, and temperatures somewhat greater than 200°C. The metal oxides (such as nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum) can be supported on either charcoal or alumina, and materials such as lithium aluminum hydride, boron, alkali metals, and alkaline-earth hydrides may be used as promotors. Variations of this process are reported to produce polyethylene resins with densities from 0.94-0.97. 

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