Parallel hybrid

The control strategies for dual mode hybrid vehicles are a combination of those used for series and parallel hybrids. There are so many possible hardware arrangements and associated control strategies, it is not possible to summarize them in a simple manner as was the case for series and parallel hybrids. The objective of the dual mode operation is to use the... 

The fuel economy of series and parallel hybrid vehicles are compared in Table 3 for both the com-... 

Comparisons of the Fuel Economy for Series and Parallel Hybrid Vehicles (1) Fuel economy shown lor diesel engines is gasoline equivalent... 

Michel, S., and Frank, A. (1998). Design of a Control Strategy for the Contiimously Variable Transmission for the UC Davis Future Car (Parallel Hybrid Vehicle). Department of Mechanical Engineering Report (September). Davis, University of California. 

Tsou AP, Wu KM, Tsen TY, Chi CW, Chiu JH, Lui WY et al (1998). Parallel hybridization analysis of multiple protein kinase genes identification of gene expression patterns characteristic of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Genomics 50 331 340. 

As the density of information derived from efforts to sequence, map and identify human genes increased, so did the demand for analytical tools capable of exploiting this information. DNA microarrays were developed in response to this demand. Southern(69) was the first to describe parallel, in situ ohgonucleotide synthesis as a means of generating oligonucleotide probe arrays on solid supports for highly parallel hybridization analysis. Southern s method uses standard nucleotide synthetic reactions to synthesize the oligonucleotides. The reactions are carried out in a movable chamber, which provides a physical barrier between the reaction chamber and the intended synthesis area. 

Another effort in the physics community should be mentioned here. The BigDFT software [35] is based on Daubechies wavelets instead of Gaussian basis functions and offers support within the CUDA programming framework. It was shown to achieve a high parallel efficiency of 90% on parallel computers in which the cross-sectional bandwidth scales well with the number of processors. It uses a parallelized hybrid CPU/GPU programming model and compared to the full CPU implementation, a constant speedup of up to six was achieved with the GPU-enabled version [35]. 

The basic configurations for HTEVs aie the series hybrid and the parallel hybrid, which are shown in the Figs. 5.17 and 5.18, respectively [1]. In the series... 

The degree of hybridization is a useful parameter characterizing parallel hybrid vehicles. The value of this parameter is defined as the total power of the electric motor divided by the sum of the total power of electric motor and IC engine, according to the following equation ... 

There is a large number of possible variations for the parallel hybrid configuration, besides that shown in Fig. 5.18, proposed by most of the major automobile companies. Some of them, for example, have a small electric machine in line with the crankshaft, where is usually located the flywheel in a IC engine vehicle. Another parallel hybrid configuration has the IC engine and the electric drive connected to different axles, as shown in Fig. 5.19, in particular in this case the IC engine drives the front wheels, the electric system the rear wheels and the road... 

Fig. 5.19 Parallel hybrid configuration with IC engine and electric drive connected to separate axles...

As part of an interdisciplinary study we are working on emission control catalysis for an extended parallel hybrid concept [1-5]. The main elements of the experimental car developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology are the combustion engine, operating in a fixed cycle mode, a flywheel as a short term energy storage device, an electrical machine and a continuous variable transmission. One of the features of this hybrid vehicle is the so called intermittent... 

Parallel hybrid provides up to 30 kW of boost power, plus ISA functions. 

General requirements. The attributes in Table 11.20 are typical for parallel hybrid applications, and the attributes in Table 11.21 are typical for series hybrid vehicles. 

In a parallel-hybrid [Figure 7.2(b)], there are dual transmission systems a mechanical one driven directly by the engine and an electrical one driven by the electric motor. A parallel-hybrid corresponds to a conventional vehicle with a smaller engine and a larger battery. To date, most automotive manufacturers... 

Figure 7.2 Schematics of (a) series-hybrid (b) parallel-hybrid (c) layout of power-train components.

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