Lithium cobaltate

Other sohd cathode systems that have been widely investigated include those containing lithium cobalt oxide [12190-79-3] LiCo02 (51), vanadium pentoxide [1314-62-17, 20, and higher vanadium oxides, eg, 0 3 (52,53). 

The TCBOC group is stable to the alkaline hydrolysis of methyl esters and to the acidic hydrolysis of r-butyl esters. It is rapidly cleaved by the supemucleophile lithium cobalt(I)phthalocyanine, by zinc in acetic acid, and by cobalt phthalocy-anine (0.1 eq., NaBH4, EtOH, 77-90% yield). 

Kim KH, Kim KB (2008) Ultrasound assisted synthesis of nanosized lithium cobalt oxide. Ultrason Sonochem 15 1019-1025... 

Hydrogenation was carried out with the assistance of an n-butyl lithium/cobalt octoate catalyst (6). It was necessary to determine the proper conditions for efficTent hydrogenation with minimal degradation (7). For the BIB polymer the Li/Co ratio used was 5/1 to obtain selective hydrogenation of the polybutadiene, while for the total hydrogenation of the BBB polymer, a ratio of 2.2/1 was satisfactory. NMR analysis showed better than 99% hydrogenation. 

For manufacturing of positive electrodes, pastes with the following ratio of the ingredients were applied Lithium cobaltate by Merck or by "Baltiyskaya Manufaktura" (Russia) - 42,5wt%, conductive additive (acethylene soot) - 3,5wt%, PVDF - 4wt%, solvent - the balance. Aluminium foil with the thickness of 0,02 mm was used as a current collector. 

Julien, C., Camacho-Lopez, M. A., Mohan, T., Chitra, S., Kalyani, P., Gopukumar, S., Combustion synthesis and characterization of substituted lithium cobalt oxides in lithium batteries, Solid State Ionics 135, 241-248 (2000). 

Lithium cobalt dioxide, uses, 7 24 It Lithium complex greases, 15 243 Lithium compounds, 20 598-599. See also Organolithium compounds inorganic, 15 136-142 uses for, 15 134 Lithium cyanide, 8 194 Lithium 5—alumina, 2 406t... 

The energy density of commercial cells has almost doubled since their introduction in 1991 since 1999 the volumetric energy density has increased from 250 to over 400 Wh/1. Details of the original commercial cells have been reviewed by Nishi, where key aspects are discussed concerning the need for large particle size, 15—20 /increase safety and the intentional incorporation of lithium carbonate into the cathode to provide a safety valve. The lithium carbonate decomposes, releasing carbon dioxide when the charging exceeds 4.8 V, which breaks electrical flow in the cell. These lithium cobalt oxides also contain excess lithium and can be best represented by the formula... 

Finally, Al (/= 5/2) and Co NMR spectroscopy have been used to probe AP+ in Al-doped lithium cobalt oxides and lithium nickel oxides. A Al chemical shift of 62.5 ppm was observed for the environment Al(OCo)e for an AP+ ion in the transition-metal layers, surrounded by six Co + ions. Somewhat surprisingly, this is in the typical chemical shift range expected for tetrahedral environments (ca. 60—80 ppm), but no evidence for occupancy of the tetrahedral site was obtained from X-ray diffraction and IR studies on the same materials. Substitution of the Co + by AF+ in the first cation coordination shell leads to an additive chemical shift decrease of ca. 7 ppm, and the shift of the environment A1(0A1)6 (20 ppm) seen in spectra of materials with higher A1 content is closer to that expected for octahedral Al. The spectra are consistent with a continuous solid solution involving octahedral sites randomly occupied by Al and Co. It is possible that the unusual Al shifts seen for this compound are related to the Van-Vleck susceptibility of this compound. 

L, L. Burgess and 0. Kamm showed that the corresponding disodium potassium cobaltic nitrite, NaK2Co(N02)6, can also be made. Lithium cobaltic hexanitrite, Li3Co(N02)6, and ammonium cobaltic hexanitrite, (NH4)3Co(N02)6.l H20, were prepared by 0. W. Gibbs and T. A. Genth, 0. L. Erdmann, S. P. Sadtler, W. C. Ball and H. H. Abram, and A. Rosenheim and I. Koppel. 

Gummow R.J., Liles D.C., Thackeray M.M. and David W.I.F. A reinvestigation of the stmctures of lithium-cobalt-oxides with neutron-diffraction data. Mat. Res. Bull. 1993 28 1177-84. 

The trimeric lithium-cobalt complex [LiCo(C2H4)(PMe3)3]3 (69) 94), the first lithium carrier in hydrocarbon solvents, clearly involves interactions of the lithium atom with the hydrocarbon ligands as well as the cobalt atoms, but further ligation with solvent donor atoms is not required. 

The first investigation of Li Co02 was carried out by Mizushima et al. in 1980," where the material was suggested as a possible positive electrode for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. In 1991 Sony Corporation commercialized the first lithium-ion battery in which lithium cobalt oxide was used as the positive electrode and graphite (carbon) as the negative electrode. Since then, LiCo02 has been the most widely used cathode material in commercial hthium-ion batteries and retains its industrial importance as a cathode material. 

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