Bronze vanadium

D. J.M. Bevan, P. Hagenmuller, Nonstoichiometric Compounds Tungsten Bronzes, Vanadium Bronzes and Related Compounds. Pergamon, 1975. 

Ag VjOj is a vanadium bronze with a composition range of 0.3 < x < 1.0, the bronze with x = 0.29-0.41 has the / -phase structure and that with X = 0.67-0.89 the 5-phase one. The 5-phase shows good reversibility for silver intercalation and deintercalation. The typical charge-discharge curves at a constant current of 0.3 mA cm for cell [11.3] are shown in Fig. 11.3. No significant deterioration was observed for several hundred... 

Detection.—Apart from naturally occurring ores of vanadium, vanadium steels, and ferrovanadium, the commonest compounds of vanadium are those which contain the element in the pentavalent state, viz. the pentoxide and the various vanadates. The analytical reactions usually employed are, therefore, those which apply to vanadates. Most vanadium ores can be prepared for the application of these reactions by digesting with mineral acids or by alkaline fusion with the addition of an oxidising agent. When the silica content is high, preliminary treatment with hydrofluoric acid is recommended. Vanadium steels and bronzes, and ferrovanadium, are decomposed by the methods used for other steels the drillings are, for instance, dissolved in sulphuric acid and any insoluble carbides then taken up in nitric acid, or they are filtered off and submitted to an alkaline fusion. Compounds of lower valency are readily converted into vanadates by oxidation with bromine water, sodium peroxide, or potassium permanganate. 

Silver vanadium oxide, Ag2V4011> is a semiconducting vanadium oxide bronze which adopts at least two related structures based on V4Ou layers with silver atoms located between them (Fig. 4.17). The open structure allows facile diffusion of lithium ions. Ag2V4Oi ( can be lithiated with up to seven lithium atoms to form Li7Ag2V4Ou. 

Another useful member of the vanadium oxide group is the LiVsOg vanadium bronze. Its basic structure is formed by octahedral and trigonal bipyramids arranged to form puckered layers between which the Li+ ions... 

Steel is an alloy containing chromium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium and boron. Copper-nickel alloy, bronze and aluminium alloys are used in making coins. Fusible alloys having low melting points are used as solder and fuses in electrical circuits. 

We have not determined the number of Vlv species. We assume that they come from two distinct sources. Some of them may already be present in the V2CL samples (21). Most of them come from a reaction between and Na+ of NaY zeolite crystals giving vanadium bronze phases (27-29) among which two crystalline phases were identified NaVv5VIV015 and Na5VvnVlv032. 

Andersson, S. 1965. Hydrothermally grown crystals of silver vanadium oxides bronzes. Acta Chem. Scand. 19 269-270. 

Hagenmuller, P., J. Galy, M. Pouchard, and A. Casalot. 1966. Recent research on vanadium bronzes. I. Monovalent interstitial elements. Mat. Res. Bull. 1 45-54. 

Lukas, I., C. Strusievici, and C. Liteanu. 1967. Vanadate compounds. VIII. Formation of bronzes in the silver vanadate-vanadium oxide system. Z. Anorg. Alg. Chem. 349 92-100. 

Znaidi, L., N. Baffler, and M. Huber. 1989. Synthesis of vanadium bronzes MxV205 through sol-gel processes. I. Monoclinic bronzes (M = sodium, silver). Mat. Res. Bull. 24 1501-1514. 

Galy, J. 1992. Vanadium pentoxide and vanadium oxide bronzes — structural chemistry of single (S) and double (D) layer MxV205 phases. J. Solid State Chem. 100 229-245. 

Scholtens, B.B., R. Polder, and G.H.J. Broers. 1978. Some thermodynamic, electrical, and electrochemical properties of silver vanadium bronzes. Electrochim. Acta. 23 483 188. 

Takada, K., T. Kanbara, Y. Yamamura, and S. Kondo. 1991. Electrochemical studies on silver vanadium bronzes. Eur. J. Solid State Inorg. Chern. 28 533-545. 

Garcia-Alvarado, R, J.M. Tarascon, and B. Wilkens. 1992. Synthesis and electrochemical study of new copper vanadium bronzes and of two new vanadium pentoxide polymorphs P - and e -V205. J. Electrochem. Soc. 139 3206-3214. 

Kawakita, J., Y. Katayama, T. Miura, and T. Kishi. 1997. Lithium insertion behavior of silver vanadium bronze. Solid State Ionics. 99 71-78. 

Chakrabarthy et al.81 found for the dehydration of propan-2-ol by V205 and lithium vanadium bronzes, that lithium increases the dehydration, in contradiction with the view that this reaction takes place at the acid centers, but correlating well with the semiconductor properties. 

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