Lithium-ion secondary battery

SnO has received much attention as a potential anode material for the lithium-ion-secondary-battery. The conventional techniques require temperatures above 150°C to form phase pure SnO. Whereas, sonication assisted precipitation technique has been used to prepare phase-pure SnO nanoparticles at room temperature by Majumdar et al. [25]. In this study, ultrasonic power has been found to play a key role in the formation of phase pure SnO as with a reduction in the ultrasonic power authors have observed a mixed phase. For the case of high ultrasonic power, authors have proposed that, intense cavitation and hence intense collapse pressure must have prevented the conversion of SnO to Sn02-... 

Shirai, H. Spotnitz, R. Lithium Ion Secondary Battery-Materials and Applications, Yoshio, K, Ed. Nikkan Kogyo Shin-bun Tokyo, 1996 p 91 (in Japanese). 

In the lithium-ion secondary battery, which was put on the market in 1990, the difficulty of the Li+/Li electrode was avoided by use of a carbon negative electrode Cy), which works as a host for Li+ ions by intercalation. The active material for the positive electrode is typically LiCo02, which is layer-structured and also works as a host for Li+ ions. The electrolyte solutions are nearly the same as those used in the primary lithium batteries. A schematic diagram of a lithium-ion battery is shown in Fig. 12.2. The cell reaction is as follows ... 

In the charging process, Co(III) in LiCo02 is oxidized to Co(IV). This battery has a working voltage of 3.7 V and a cycle number of >1000. The lithium-ion secondary batteries are now widely used as power source s for portable computers, telephones, CD players, camcorders, etc. Moreover, large-scale lithium-ion batteries are under development for electric vehicles (EV) and for the storage of electricity. 

Nishimura Y, Yakahashi T, Tamaki T, Endo M, Dresselhaus MS. Anode performance of B-doped mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers in lithium ion secondary batteries. Tanso 1996 172 89-94 (in Japanese). 

Lu W, Chung DDL. Anodic performance of vapor-derived carbon filaments in lithium-ion secondary battery. Carbon 2001 39 493-496. 

Yoon SH, Park CW, Yang HJ, Korai Y, Mochida I, Baker RTK, Rodriguez NM. Novel carbon nanofibers of high graphitization as anodic materials for lithium ion secondary batteries. Carbon 2004 42 21-32. 

Mukaibo H, Sumi T, Yokoshima T, Momma T, Osaka T. Electrodeposited Sn-Ni alloy film as a high capacity anode material for lithium-ion secondary batteries. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 2003 6 A218-A220. 

Solubility of metal salts in ILs is extremely important in electrodeposition. In this section, the solubility of metal salts in air stable ILs is summarized. The solubility of metal salts in halometalate type ILs has been summarized in previous reports [90, 91]. In addition, many IL systems have been reported as electrolytes for lithium-ion secondary batteries. Some metal salts were reported to be soluble above 50 mol%. However, these systems were obtained by mixing ILs with metal salts in organic solvent or water followed by removal of the solvent this may produce supersaturated solutions. In this section, these systems are omitted due to space limitations. 

SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF LIMNjyC0xYy04 CATHODE MATERIALS FOR LITHIUM-ION SECONDARY BATTERY... 

The potential applications of CNTs due to their small dimension and excellent physicochemical properties make them useful in wide ranges from multifunctional composites, electrochemical electrode, and/or additives, field emitters, to nanosized semiconductor devices. Up to now, commercialized fields of CNTs are the filler in anode materials of lithium-ion secondary battery. ... 

Suboxide SnO is a candidate anode material for lithium-ion secondary batteries.For the battery to function properly, it is critical that the material remains as the suboxide SnO rather than being... 

Nishi Y (2001) Lithium ion secondary batteries past 10 years and the future. J Power Sources 100 101-106... 

Lee KT, Lytle JC, Ergang NS, Oh SM, Stein A (2005) Synthesis and rate performance of monoUthic macroporous carbon electrodes for lithium-ion secondary batteries. Adv Funct Mater 15 547-556... 

K. Ikeda, Lithium Ion Secondary Battery, 2nd ed. M. Yoshio and A. Kozawa(editors), p.292, 2000, Nikkan Kogyou Shinbunsha, Tokyo... 

M. Nishi, Topics on Lithium Ion Secondary Battery, Shokabou, (1977)... 

M. Ue, in Development of Li-ion Rechargeable Battery Materials, CMC, Tokyo, Ch. 6 (1997) Material Technologies, Their Evaluation and Application in Advanced Rechargeable Batteries, Technical Information Institute, Tokyo, Ch. 1.5.3 (1998) Lithium-Ion Secondary Batteries, 2nd ed., M. Yoshio, A. Kozawa, eds., Nikkan Kogyo Shinbunshya, Tokyo, Ch. 6... 

Kureha KF polymer is a PVdF product developed by Kureha Corporation, Tokyo Japan. KF polymer has a high chemical resistance and desirable mechanical properties. One of its most remarkable characteristics is that the irregular bonding of its molecular chain is lower than that of any of the other PVdFs, an attribute that leads to a perfectly crystallized polymer. These valuable properties allow lithium-ion secondary batteries to combine long-term, stable performance with a minimum amount of swelling by the organic electrolyte. 

Since lithium ion secondary batteries have come on the market, KF polymer is the most popular binder used throughout the world. KF polymer is available as the W series as powder, and in the L series in which the W series powder is dissolved in NMP (V-methyl-2-pyrollidone). Table 6.2 shows the different grades available for the two series. 

High-performance secondary batteries better than the lithium-ion secondary batteries have not been developed yet. We think that the lithium-ion secondary battery will become widely available and its application expanded. In addition, demands for the improvement of battery performance will drive the creation of miniaturized, thinner, higher capacity, and safer batteries. These performances are translated into, for example, facilitation in manufacturing electrode paint, speedup of electrode manufacture, high-speed impregnation of electrolytes to electrodes, and high-speed... 

T Miyasaka, Non-Aqueous Lithium Ion Secondary Battery, US Patent No. 6037095, March 30, 1998. 

Various synthesis methods were proposed at the beginning of development of the lithium-ion secondary battery. It is understood that the LiCoOj is obtained using a cobalt compound and a lithium compound as the raw materials and synthesizing it by heating as shown in Table 15.3. It is postulated that cobalt carbonate was first used as the cobalt compound. After large-scale production started, cobalt oxide (COjO ) as the cobalt compound, and lithium carbonate (Li COj) as the lithium compound began to be mainly nsed dne to the stability of their quality and supply. 

With respect to LiCoO of the positive electrode-active material for the lithium-ion secondary battery, some of the technological changes have been described. It is said that the improvement in the capacity of the lithium-ion secondary battery based on... 

A Novel Hard-Carbon Optimized to Large-Size Lithium-Ion Secondary Batteries... 

A novel hard carbon has been designed for the application of large-size lithium-ion secondary batteries. The carbon s stability in air, its better efficiency of charge capacity, and its high-rate capability have been shown to maintain a suitable charge-discharge voltage profile for HEV application. 

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