Materials for Rechargeable Batteries

This section identifies the materials most suitable for rechargeable battery packs for possible applications in EVs and HEVs. While identifying such materials, emphasis has been placed, in particular, on material cost and battery performance, including reliability and longevity. Because nickel and lithium materials are the most ideal materials for automobile rechargeable batteries, these materials will be discussed in detail with an emphasis on reliability and safety under harsh temperature and mechanical environments. Hereafter, discussion limited to Li-ion rechargeable batteries will be given serious consideration. 

1 Materials Requirements for Three Functional Components of the Li-Ion Battery 

The three functional components of an Li-ion rechargeable battery are the anode, the cathode, and the electrolyte. In a conventional Li-ion cell, the anode is normally made from carbon, the cathode is made from metallic oxide, and the electrolyte is made from a lithium salt in an organic solvent. The following materials are used for the three distinct components of the lithium cell  

The most commercially available anode material is graphite and this material is not expensive. 

The cathode can be made from one of the three materials described below  

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Z.S. Wronski, Materials for rechargeable batteries and clean hydrogen energy storage, Int. Mater. Rev. 46(1) (2001) 1-46. 

Polyaniline/ri02 composite has been used as a cathode material for rechargeable batteries comprising zinc container as the anode, cellulose... 

N. Yabuuchi, K. Yoshii, S. T. Myung, I. Naked, S. Komaba, Detailed Studies of a High-Capacity Electrode Materied for Rechargeable Batteries, li2Mn03-LiCol/3Nil/3Mnl/302, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011,133,4404-4419. 

One of the important applications of conducting polymers is their use as an electrode material for rechargeable batteries because of reversible doping. Thus n-doping is... 

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