Quillaia bark

Quillaia bark Quillaja Several complex Tincture of this plant is... 

Saponins for beverage use are sourced from quillaia bark (Quillaia saponaria Molina) and the yuccas. Of the latter species, two main varieties are used in the United States for production of the water extract the Mohave yucca (Yucca mohavensis) and the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia). At the levels used these additives are colourless and tasteless the dried extract, however, possesses an acrid, astringent taste. Permitted limits are quoted in terms of the dry weight of the extract. In the European Union, subject to Directive 95/2/EC, quillaia is permitted only in non-alcoholic drinks, to a maximum level of 200 mg/1. 

Quillaia bark or soapbark is derived from the tree Quillaja saponaria (Rosaceae) and other Quillaja species found in Chile, Peru, and Bolivia. The bark contains up to 10% saponins, a mixture known as commercial saponin , which is used for its detergent properties. Quillaia s surfactant properties are occasionally exploited in pharmaceutical preparations where it is used in the form of quillaia tincture as an emulsifying agent, particularly for fats, tars, and volatile oils. The bark contains a mixture of saponins which on hydrolysis liberates quillaic acid (Figure 5.62) as the aglycone, together with sugars, uronic acids, and acids from ester functions. 

The saponin structure is either of the steroidal (commonly tetracyclic triterpenoids) or pentacyclic triterpenoid type. Triterpenoid saponins are found, for example in Quillaia bark and in liquorice root. Quillaia B.P. is defined as the dried inner part of the bark of Quillaja saponaria and other species of Quillaja and is used as an emulsifying agent. Liquorice, the root of which also contains tiiterpenoid saponins, has long been used in pharmacy as a flavoring agent, demulcent, and mild expectorant. 

QUILLAIA BARK Quillajae cortex is the bark of Quillaja saponaria, Molina, family Rosaceae, from which the cork is removed. This species is an evergreen tree in Chile (in the valleys of the Cordilleras), Peru and Bolivia. The drug consists of the inner bark which is generally cut before marketing. It has an acrid taste and causes sneezing. The bark contains about 10% of a saponin mixture (Quillaia saponin), which besides its use as an expectorant also has a technical use and as an adjuvant in some vaccines as the saponin potentiates the immunising power of the vaccine. 

Synonyms Panama bark Quillaia Quillaja Quillaja bark Quillaja saponaria Soapbark... 

Synonyms China bark extract Murillo bark extract Panama bark Panama bark extract Panama wood extract Quillaia Quillaja Quillaja bark Quillaja saponaria Soapbark... 

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