Liquid products emulsion

The shelf life of liquid or emulsion products is much shorter than that of dry products, often only 6 months. Emulsion polymers may stratify on storage. Mix gently before using. 

Today a wide range of inorganic and organic materials are employed, and the applications have become very specific and far-reaching. These fuel treatment products are available in solid, liquid, or emulsion form and are designed to match the physical nature of the fuel. Well-designed, commonly available feed equipment allows for easy injection. Fuel additives are employed in various types of combustion processes, including ... 

Protocols must specify calibration of application equipment before and after application to determine the rate of product delivery when application equipment was traveling at a constant ground speed. Liquid or emulsion samples should be collected from spray nozzles and granule collection should occur as the test substance exits the application equipment. Once the correct ground speed has been determined for a given application system, that speed is maintained throughout the application process. 

Stress Testing (drug product) — Studies undertaken to assess the effect of severe conditions on the drug product. Such studies include photostability testing (see ICH Q1B) and specific testing of certain products (e.g., metered dose inhalers, creams, emulsions, refrigerated aqueous liquid products). 

As shown in the ASP examples later in this chapter, emulsions increase injection pressure and decrease water injection rate and liquid production rate. However, the advantages of emulsions appear to be greater than the disadvantages (Cheng et al., 2001). 

Liquid or semi-liquid products may be based on water, alcohol, solvents, oils, gels, etc., i.e. emulsions, suspensions, creams, ointments, solutions, etc. 

Polyacrylamide flocculants low, medium or high molecular weight products of low, medium or high charge (cationic or anionic) and no charge (nonionic) available in a variety of physical forms - liquid dispersion, emulsion or solid grade... 

Spray-drying is an operation by which a liquid product is atomized in a hot gas current to instantaneously obtain a powder with particle sizes range from 10-50 pm to 2-3 mm, depending on the starting feed material and operating condition. The gas can be air or more rarely nitrogen. The liquid may be a solution, an emulsion, or a suspension (Gharsallaoui et al., 2007). 

We will define a dispersed system as a fluid consisting of one or more internal phases, suspended in a liquid (aqueous or organic), external phase. In this sense, we may distinguish suspensions, which consist of one or more solid phases suspended in a liquid, and emulsions, which are one or more liquid pha.ses. dispersed in an immiscible liquid. Mixed solids and liquid suspended phases may also be pre.sent, as is the case of many food and cosmetic product,s. 

The formulation class (tooth paste, shampoo, fabric softener, etc.) provides basic information about the components present. Standard shampoo formulations contain two types of surfactants (either two anionic or one anionic and one amphoteric surfactant) foam booster (nonionic surfactant) conditioner, viscosity improver, opacifier, dye, perfume, chelate, and preservatives. Normally, formulated products are available as liquid, solid, emulsion, dispersion, etc, with a great number of components (in some cosmetic products there may be 20 components) and some of them, such as the preservatives, are found at low concentrations. 

Liquid formulations of enzymes are prepared in a variety of ways including aqueous high or low solids systems, dispersions, and emulsions. Many enzymes exhibit a solubility limit in aqueous media. Therefore, producing a liquid product with a high active payload may be challenging. 

As a liquid product the 5% aqueous formulation of 2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-4-isothiazolin-3-one offers a number of processing advantages when the product is used for the in-can/in-tank protection of aqueous functional fluids, preferably paints, adhesives and polymer emulsions. In these applications the remarkable water-solubility of the a.i. is a special advantage with an addition rate between 0-05 and 0-2% of the 5% preparation. 

Many liquid products are emulsions, systems of at least two or more immiscible or poorly miscible liquid phases, for example oil and water. Examples of these kinds of products are milk, butter, mayonnaise and cosmetic creams. 

Emulsification is essential for the development of aU types of skin- and hair-care preparations and a variety of makeup products. Emulsions are fine dispersions of one liquid or semisolid in a second liquid (the continuous phase) with which the first substance is not miscible. Generally, one of the phases is water and the other phase is an oily substance oU-in-water emulsions are identified as o/w water-in-oil emulsions as w/o. When oil and water are mixed by shaking or stirring in the absence of a surface-active agent, the two phases separate rapidly to minimize the interfacial energy. Maintenance of the dispersion of small droplets of the internal phase, a requirement for emulsification, is practical only by including at least one surface-active emulsifier in the oil-and-water blend. 

Perspex is the trade name for Lucite cast and extruded acrylic sheet. Perspex is available in a wide range of varieties. It is made in standard form and can also be custom produced. Lucite products are offered in many different forms such as liquid, resin, emulsion, polymer, sheet or composites with other materials. 

Metal poHshes may contain emulsifiers and thickeners for controlling the consistency and stabilization of abrasive suspensions, and the product form can be soHd, paste, or Hquid. Liquid and paste products can be solvent or emulsion types the market for the latter is growing. Formulas for metal poHshes are Hsted ia Reference 12. A representative Hquid emulsion product may contain 8—25 wt % abrasive, 2—6 wt % surfactant, 0—5 wt % chelating agents, and 0—25 wt % solvent, with the remainder being water. The abrasive content ia an emulsion paste product is greater than that ia a solvent product. 

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