Emulsion products

Before polyacrylamides are sold, the amount of residual acrylamide is determined. In one method, the monomer is extracted from the polymer and the acrylamide content is determined by hplc (153). A second method is based on analysis by cationic exchange chromatography (154). For dry products the particle si2e distribution can be quickly determined by use of a shaker and a series of test sieves. Batches with small particles can present a dust ha2ard. The percentage of insoluble material is determined in both dry and emulsion products. 

Car poHshes can be soHd, semisoHd, or Hquid. They can be solvent-based or emulsions. In either case, Hquid and soHd forms are possible. Compdations of suggested formulas are given in References 3, 12, and 44. A representative Hquid emulsion product may contain 10—15 wt % abrasive,... 

Metal poHshes may contain emulsifiers and thickeners for controlling the consistency and stabilization of abrasive suspensions, and the product form can be soHd, paste, or Hquid. Liquid and paste products can be solvent or emulsion types the market for the latter is growing. Formulas for metal poHshes are Hsted ia Reference 12. A representative Hquid emulsion product may contain 8—25 wt % abrasive, 2—6 wt % surfactant, 0—5 wt % chelating agents, and 0—25 wt % solvent, with the remainder being water. The abrasive content ia an emulsion paste product is greater than that ia a solvent product. 

Neutral cleaners provide the benefits of generally lower operating temperatures, reduced odour, easier effluent treatment and improved health and safety considerations over the alkali or emulsion products. Due to the inhibited nature of the surface produced, such products are used for interstage cleaning and prior to assembly. The surface is generally not suitable for immediate painting. 

The shelf life of liquid or emulsion products is much shorter than that of dry products, often only 6 months. Emulsion polymers may stratify on storage. Mix gently before using. 

Typical BW antifoam emulsion products include SAG 10 and SAG 30 (10 and 30% milky white emulsions, each with a viscosity of 2,000 cS at 25 °C) from Union Carbide Corporation. These same products also are used for food processing (under FDA 21CFR 173.340), for petroleum processing (as amine scrubbers, gas-oil separators, etc.), and as functional chemicals (antifreezes, hydraulic fluids, cutting oils, etc.). 

Possible effects on degradation, emulsion production, or crud stabilization Liquid-solid separation ... 

Wenz and colleagues at Bayer Polymers Inc. describe the use of Raman spectroscopy to determine the reaction end point for the emulsion production of ABS graft copolymer [197]. Early termination reduces product yield and results in an extra product purification step termination too late reduces product quality. 

Table 9 Plant-Specific Verification Data for Emulsion Production Plant 000012...

Another associated issue was the possibility of inactivating the LRES (lym-phoreticuloendothelial system). By analogy with other injectable systems, it could also be deduced that the injectable emulsion system needed to be sterile and apy-rogenic and free of acute or chronic toxicities from components or their associated degradation products. It also followed that the injectable system required to be stable, although how stability was to be determined and, more to the point, measured, has remained an issue to the present day. This is mainly because emulsions are thermodynamically unstable although their stability can be extended by formulation. As a result emulsion products are now available that are submicron in diameter, sterile, and stable for several years after preparation. In major part this has been due to the use of phospholipids as stabilizers and emulsifiers, in particular the mixed products identified as the lecithin of commerce. 

As noted, the key to successful preparation of an injectable emulsion product proved to be the selection of a suitable commercial source of lecithin, in this case a purified material obtained from the yolk of hen eggs. Lecithin can also be obtained from a number of natural sources such as soy beans and comprises a number of different phospholipids. These include phosphatidylcholine (PC) andphosphatidylethanolamine... 

Meat emulsion products Emulsification, gelation, liquid holding ... 

As is being discussed, antioxidants may need to be included in a parenteral emulsion product if unsaturated lipids are present. Agents such as glycerol are also typically added to adjust tonicity. 

A Representative List of Marketed Emulsion Products Containing Water-Insoluble Drugs... 

Vol. 19 Stable Gas-in-Liquid Emulsions Production in Natural Waters and Artificial Media Second Edition By J.S. D Arrigo... 

From the aforementioned results, we believe that the new biocide FIBCIDE-KF could be widely applied in the field of latex and emulsion products. 

The free-radical catalysts were found to produce a product that did not have the tack, green strength, or gum tensile of natural rubber. Whereas natural rubber is an essentially pure cis-1,4 structure, the emulsion product was of mixed microstructure. This... 

Conventional sulfuric acid and HF alkylation processes ( >2, ) employ liquid-liquid catalytic systems which are expensive and troublesome because of such problems as maintaining an acid/hydrocarbon emulsion, product separation and waste disposal (H2SO4 process only). A solid catalyst should eliminate many of these problems. In view of their high activity, zeolites have been used by a number of workers (4,5,6,2) cata-... 

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