Liquid crystal display panel

Here the joining of an adhesive bonding a tape carrier package, in which a semiconductor chip has been incorporated, to a liquid crystal display panel through an anisotropic conductive film is shown. 

However, conductive elastomers have only ca <10-3 of the conductivity of solid metals. Also, the contact resistance of elastomers changes with time when they are compressed. Therefore, elastomers are not used where significant currents must be carried or when low or stable resistance is required. Typical applications, which require a high density of contacts and easy disassembly for servicing, include connection between liquid crystal display panels (see Liquid CRYSTALS) and between printed circuit boards in watches. Another type of elastomeric contact has a nonconducting silicone rubber core around which is wrapped metalized contacts that are separated from each other by insulating areas (25). A newer material has closely spaced strings of small spherical metal particles in contact, or fine solid wires, which are oriented in the elastomer so that electrical conduction occurs only in the Z direction (26). 

Sealants (used, for example, for liquid-crystal display panels)61... 

The last volume of this miniseries, 21, Part D, covers device applications, including solar cells, electrophotography, image pickup tubes, field effect transistors (FETs) and FET-addressed liquid crystal display panels, solid state image sensors, charge-coupled devices, optical recording, visible light... 

Work with a-sexithienyl TFTs yielded more promising values The field-effect mobility reaches 3 x 10"2 cm2/V s, with currents and voltages similar to those with CPs [227,254]. For comparison, amorphous silicon FETs [256] usually have x 0.1 to 0.3 cm2/V s, sometimes nearly reaching 1 cm2/V s [257], with /D 1 to 100 xA at voltages of about 10 V, and such devices are used in liquid-crystal display panels [234]. 

Civil Electronics, automobile, aircraft, mechanical engineering, aerospace, medical, fuel cell, environmental science Wire insulation, tape, chip carrier, switches, liquid crystal display panels, foam insulation, baffles, bushings, seal rings, abrasive cutting wheels, composite structures, adhesives, gas separation membrane, high-temperature adhesive for semiconductor industries, pacemakers, eye lens implants, fuel cell membrane... 

Quality inspectors of a LCD company inspect liquid crystal display panels on the product line in China. (Getty Images)... 

The simplest way to overcome the scanning limitations encountered in passive matrix liquid crystal display panels is to provide one or more nonlinear circuit elements at the intersection of the gate and data electrodes, thus producing sharper threshold characteristics for each pixel. Presently, diodes and intrinsic nonlinear devices are used for these nonlinear circuit elements. 

The double threshold addressed matrix liquid crystal display panel uses a two-terminal device that accomplished both set and reset functions for each pixel with appropriate signal pulses from the gate electrode drivers. To realize this panel, an amorphous silicon (a-Si) PIN thin film diode (TFD) matrix construction is used. The circuit diagram of a matrix panel addressed by these diodes is shown in Fig. 1 [4], Each pixel is composed of a pair of diodes and one liquid crystal cell connected in series between a gate electrode bus and a data electrode bus. The diode pair is referred to as a diode ring, because the connection is a ring. 

Figure 1. Circuit diagram of diode ring matrix ad-dressed liquid crystal display panel.

Aperture ratio the ratio of the actual display area to the occupied area of one pixel in a matrix liquid crystal display panel. 

Figure 3. Cross-section of an SiNx matrix addressed liquid crystal display panel.

Figure 4. An image displayed with the thin film diode switch matrix addressed liquid crystal display panel. (Courtesy of Philips Research Laboratories).

Figure 4 shows an example of a displayed image obtained on an SiNx-TFD matrix drive liquid crystal display panel. The actual display are has a 10.4 inch diagonal and there are 480x1920 pixels. 

The characteristics of this layer can be used to drive matrix liquid crystal display panels instead of the SiN diode device. It is called a metal-insulator-metal (MM) diode. A serious problem in fabricating the MM diode addressed matrix liquid crystal display panel which has a large number of gate electrodes is to reduce stray capacitances which are parallel to the MM diodes. 

An example image displayed on the MIM diode addressed matrix liquid crystal display panel is shown in Fig. 6 [27], The actual display area is 100x96 mm. There are 240 gate and 250 data electrodes which provide a resolution of 25 lines cm . The contrast ratio obtainable is very high. 

Figure 7 (a) shows a top view of a matrix liquid crystal display panel which is addressed with thin film transistor (TFT) switches. 

Figure 8 shows the construction of an original TFT for the matrix liquid crystal display panel in which a cadmium-selenium (CdSe) TFT is used as the switch. Figure 8 (a) is a top view of the switch structure and its accompanying liquid crystal pixel electrode. Figure 8(b) shows a cross-sectional view of the switch and pixel electrode. The CdSe semiconductor layer is used as a channel between the drain and source of the TFT. 

Figure 16 shows an example displayed image on the p-Si TFT addressed matrix liquid crystal display panel. There are 640x480x3 pixels on this panel. The display area is 5 inches diagonal. 

Figure 15. Construction of a solid phase recrystallized p-Si thin film transistor and pixel for matrix liquid crystal display panel.

For driving matrix liquid crystal display panels, the silicon metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) fabricated on a silicon monolithic wafer has been investigated by several groups [134-150]. The MOS transistor circuit fabrication techniques are well developed and have been used to produce various LSI devices. A dynamic scattering mode, a planar type GH mode or a polymer dispersed (PD) mode are used in these displays because the silicon wafer is intrinsically opaque. The circuit configuration of the panel is essentially the same as that of the p-Si TFT switch matrix addressed liquid crystal display panel as shown its equivalent circuit in Fig. 18(a). 

The physical arrangement of a prototype matrix liquid crystal display panel is shown in Fig. 18 (b). Within the square area formed... 

Li JH, Gao S, Duan HB, et al. Recovery of valuable materials from waste liquid crystal display panel. Waste Management, ( 29) 2033-2039, 2009. 

Figure 30 Main applications of adhesives in electronic and semiconductor industries (a) polyimide interlayer dielectric films in the fabrication of integrated circuits (b) die attachment in plastic packages (c) die attachment in ceramic packages (d) multichip module with flip chip and surface-mounted devices (e) flexible circuitry (f) tape automated bonding (g) liquid crystal display panels.

Nakazawa, K. Shirota, K. Miyazaki, T. Kashiwazaki, A. Hirose, M. Color filter for liquid-crystal display panel. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 965874, 1999 Chem. Abstr. 1999, 132, 71457. 

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