Display panels

However, conductive elastomers have only ca <10 of the conductivity of soHd metals. Also, the contact resistance of elastomers changes with time when they are compressed. Therefore, elastomers are not used where significant currents must be carried or when low or stable resistance is required. Typical apphcations, which require a high density of contacts and easy disassembly for servicing, include connection between Hquid crystal display panels (see Liquid crystals) and between printed circuit boards in watches. Another type of elastomeric contact has a nonconducting silicone mbber core around which is wrapped metalized contacts that are separated from each other by insulating areas (25). A newer material has closely spaced strings of small spherical metal particles in contact, or fine soHd wires, which are oriented in the elastomer so that electrical conduction occurs only in the Z direction (26). 

Figure 4-91. User-friendly information display panel.

Figure 13-19. Schemes lo achieve red. green, and blue pixclalion tor lull color OLIiD display panels.

Plasma displays are based on the use of lamp phosphors which have been investigated for over 60 years. Optimization for plasma display panels (PDPs) has only taken place in the last few years and there is much room for improvement. 

The issue of power consumption of an OLED display panel changing with the information content has not been well addressed in the OLED field. For AMLCD display panel, the power consumption is almost independent of the information content. For an AMOLED or an AMPLED panel, the power consumption is directly proportional to the number of pixels lighting up. For each display pixel, the power consumption is nearly proportional to the level of brightness (gray level). Thus, AMOLED display only consumes the power necessary, without any waste. This effect is similar to the concept of Pay-Per-View developed in cable and satellite TV industries. Two direct consequences of the Pay-Per-View effect are ... 

Photoluminescence High energy UV Fluorescent lighting, plasma display panels... 

Zn orthosilicate ZUjSiO iMn is a green phosphor (X 525 nm) used in fluorescent lamps, CRTs and plasma display panels. It demonstrates a low resistance to bum out, is excited by low-energy electrons and shows a linear increase in brightness with electron beam intensity. YjSiOjiCe is a highly resistant blue CRT phosphor used in projection TV tnbes (X 400 60 nm depending on the Ce content). 

Photoluminescence is a term widely applied to the range of phenomena where light emission occurs from a material after energising by photons. In this section of the book the term is specifically applied to the cases where luminescence occurs after the interaction of luminescent materials with narrow band, higher energy ultraviolet radiation, namely in lighting and plasma display panel applications. 

Structurally a plasma display panel is made up of a series of wells bonded between... 

To produce display panels it is necessary to address a large array of pixels. This can be achieved in two basic ways, either by multiplexing or by using a matrix arrangement of transistors. 

Whichever system is used, in order to produce the full colour gamut it is necessary to display one-third of the pixels as red, one-third as green and one-third as blue. This is achieved by having a colour hlter layer as one of the substrates within the display panel. A schematic of this arrangement is shown in Figure 5.6. The role of the LC material in this system is to act as a light switch. 

Here the joining of an adhesive bonding a tape carrier package, in which a semiconductor chip has been incorporated, to a liquid crystal display panel through an anisotropic conductive film is shown. 

The main uses of LCDs are in digital watches and clocks, calculators, laptop computer and game displays, and instrument display panels for cars, airplanes, etc. Liquid crystals are also used as an on-off switch in color flat panel liquid... 

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are one of several technologies competing for the market for next-generation emissive flat panel displays. It is the one most likely to triumph over field emission displays (basically CRT technology in miniature) and plasma display panels. 

A range of communication efforts constitutes interpretive activity there are direct forms of communication such as guides and guided tours, there are visitor centres where the opportunity to communicate with advisory personnel is possible but not always central, and several forms of communication where no personnel are present. The challenge of communicating with visitors without direct contact is usually met by the use of signs, display panels, brochures, booklets, audio tapes, touch screens and guide books. 

DBDs are nonequilibrium plasmas at atmospheric pressure with applications in ozone generation, surface modification, pollution control, excimer lamps, and recently also in flat plasma display panels (Kogelschatz, 2003). Typical planar DBD configurations are shown in Figure 2. They have at... 

Sealants (used, for example, for liquid-crystal display panels)61... 

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