Planar type

Mori M, Yamamoto T, Itoh H, and Watanabe T. Compatibility of alkaline earth metal (Mg,Ca,Sr)-doped lanthanum chromites as separators in planar-type high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. J. Mater. Sci. 1997 32 2423-2431. 

FIGURE 5.3 Schematic of typical planar-type seal, illustrating p ... 

Wang Z, Qian J, Cao J, Wang S, and Wen TJ. A study of multilayer tape casting method for anode-supported planar type solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). J. Alloys Compounds 2007 437 264—268. 

Iwata M., Hikosaka T., Morita M., Iwanari T., Ito K., Onda K., Esaki Y., Sakaki Y., Nagata S., 2000. Performance analysis of planar-type unit SOFC considering current and temperature distribution. Journal of Power Sources 132, 297-308. 

Most electrodes are of the planar type and can be affected by such factors as convectional mass transport within the sample in which they are immersed. Any type of turbulence will tend to increase the supply of ions to an electrode surface, above and beyond that of diffusional supply. This can have an effect on the magnitude of sensor response and give rise to erroneous results. Diffusion to a large planar electrode can be approximated to be perpendicular to the electrode surface. However, when electrodes become very small, the diffusion profile is hemispherical, mass transport is greatly increased (Fig. 9) and diffusion becomes much less of a limiting factor in the sensor response [109]. Thus, turbulence has a much smaller effect and this means that very small microelectrodes display stir-independent responses. Also the small size of micro-... 

Fig. 14. Twist of cyclic dipeptide badcbone (A), L—L planar type (B) and (Q, rspidly inverting L-L boat type (D) L-L twist-boat type, o-Carbon atoms of the amino acid residues ate drawn as having L-configuration...

In this paper, the development of the planar-type MPOX reformer based on the oxygen permeable membrane of (Ceo.85Smo.i5)02-15vol%MnFe204 and its reforming properties will be reviewed. In addition, the durability of the oxygen permeable membrane, which is one of the most important characteristics in practical use, will be examined. 

Figure 3. The schematic diagram of the fabrication process of the planar-type MPOX reformer.

In general, planar-type catalysts like Mn (salen) or porphyrins favor epoxidation of czs-substituted olefins, while nonplanar complexes can carry out epoxidation of frans-substituted olefins, even when four-coordinate. 

Type A Type B planar Type C Type D Type E... 

Fig. 17.15.5 shows comparative cross sections of a standard thimble sensor (LSH) and the first mass-produced planar type sensor (LSF). Fig. 17.15.6 explains the three-dimensional layer structure. The functional layers of the planar element are stacked in three sheets (Section 5.6.4.3, Fig. 5.6.8). 

Holland PL, Tolman WB (1999) Three-coordinate Cu(II) complexes structural models of trigonal-planar type 1 copper protein active sites. J Am Chem Soc 121(31) 7270-7271... 

Mechanistic studies on the reductive elimination of square-planar type aryl(j7 -allyl)palladium complexes demonstrated occurrence of bond formation between the aryl carbon and one of the allyl termini that are located cis to each other (Scheme 8.53) [91]. The allyl ligand remained 17 -coordinated during the coupling. Similar reductive elimination between 17 -allyl and cyano ligands may be a key step in the industrially important nickel catalyzed hydrocyanation of dienes (Scheme 8.54) [92]. 

The single crystal X-ray structure analysis of Ni [H4](H)L was the first of a nickel(II) tetrahydrosalen complex. It proved the expectation that the N2O2 coordination around the nickel is practically square-planar. Figure 1 gives a view of the coordination geometry for the complex Ni (+)-trans-[H4]L which confirms the square-planar type of coordination found for Ni [H4](H)L. In both complexes... 

It was found that the global minimum of is a planar type structure with 1 boron atom at the center, surrounded by 5 boron atoms in the first coordination sphere and 13 boron atoms in the second coordination sphere (Figure 14.7) [111]-... 

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