Aperture ratio

J Blochwitz, J Brandt, M Hofmann, J Birnstock, M Pfeiffer, G He, P Wellmann, and K Leo, Full Color Active Matrix OLED Displays with High Aperture Ratio, Proceedings of the Society for Information Display, Digest of Technical Papers, Vol. 35, Seattle, 2004, pp. 1000-1003. 

In 4-a-Si H TFTs 100 dpi AM-PLED, the aperture ratio (AR) of the pixel was 22%, which was defined as the ratio of the light-emitting pixel PLED area (77 x 185 pm2) to the whole pixel area (254 x 254 pm2). The AR of the pixel was reduced to 10% in 4-a-Si H TFTs 200 dpi AM-PLED pixel PLED area and the whole pixel area were 24 x 65 pm2 and 127 x 127 pm2, respectively. 

Fig. 2.S. Su mmary of some of the shadow masking and surface-treatment results from 3M. A. Photograph of a polymeric aperture mask [30b] used to pattern a wide range of circuits. This mask bears a 6-inch x 6-inch deposition area, with high open aperture ratio. B. Photomicrograph taken of a one-bit RFID circuit patterned using the polymer shadow mask technology [30c], C. Internal clock signal and the externally demodulated rf, or reader signal of the circuit in B (carrier signal was 125...

The aperture ratio or / number will be designated by //, with a specific case stated as f/4.5, fa, etc. 

There is a reasonable correlation between the length and aperture of these veins, the typical aspect (length/aperture) ratio being 400 (Fig. 5). Using this aspect ratio, a reasonable Young s modulus of 15 GPa for limestone, and a Poisson s ratio of 0.25 (Bell 2000), equation (1) yields a fluid overpressure at the time of vein formation of 20 MPa. 

The aperture ratio of the PSE has to be adjusted to the substance system accordingly. Small surface tension requires a large aperture ratio and hence larger hole diameters. 

With an increasing aperture ratio the loading limit increases but the separation efficiency decreases. 

Phase separation occurs in the resting area of the stator elements where easily wet-table internals promote coalescence. The column separation efficiency increases with smaller aperture ratio and larger contraction of the column cross-section in the area of the stator element, but also reduces the phase throughput. 

The mixer allows good cross-mixing longitudinal mixing is essentially a function of the stator aperture ratio although it has a slight dependency on the column diameter... 

Here, we sup>pose the use of electronic display devices for the decryption of the encrypted hologram in a real optical security system. We assume that each pixel of an image in the input plane has a clear aperture ratio of 25 %. Actual display devices, for example LCTV panel, may have a rather larger value of the clear aperture, however, we take the value for the easiness of the numerical simulations. Fig. 14 shows the result of the numerical simulation for such a case. Fig. 14(a) is the same hologram as in Fig. 7(b), but it is embedded into the periodic lattice structure. The total size of the pattern in the input plane is expanded to 256x256 due to the presence of the periodic lattice structure. Fig. 14(b) is the same random key pattern as that in Fig. 3(b), but it is also embedded into the periodic lattice structure. 

Figure 9.1 shows a typical R-LCD device structure. The linear polarizer and a broadband quarter-wave film forms an equivalent crossed polarizer. This is because the LC modes work better under crossed-polarizer conditions. The bumpy reflector not only reflects but also diffuses the ambient light to the observer. This is the most critical part in an R-LCD. The TFT is hidden beneath the bumpy reflector. Thus, the R-LCD can have a large aperture ratio (-90%). The light blocking layer (LBL) is used to absorb the scattered light from neighboring pixels. 

Equation 4 and Fig. 6.3.5 show that the specifications for Pg and Vgat can be determined by Cpix and Vex- When the values of Cpix and Vex of TFT devices are large, the values of Pg and Vgat of the liquid crystalline materials can be selected more fi-eely The magnitude of Cpix is mainly determined by the magnitude of Cg. However, because the large Cg reduces the aperture ratio, its value is limited. Vex is determined by driver ICs and usually is less than 7 V. 

The character of natural oscillations in a bay or harbor is strongly controlled by the aperture ratio d = h/l, which can vary from = 1.0 to t = 0.0. These two asymptotic cases represent a fully open harbor and a closed basin, respectively. It is evident that the smaller is d (i.e., the smaller the width of the entrance), the slower water from the external basin (open sea) penetrates into the harbor. Thus, as decreases, the periods of all harbor modes for n > 1 in Table 9.1 increase, tending to the periods of the corresponding eigen modes for a closed basin, while the period of the fundamental (Helmholtz) harbor mode tends to infinity. This is one of the important properties of harbor oscillations. 

If the aperture ratio < 1.0, corresponding to a partly closed entrance, it is more difficult to estimate the Q value and the resonant mode periods analytically. In practice, special diagrams for a rectangular basin with various q and d are used for these purposes.For natmal basins, these parameters can be estimated muner-ically or from direct observations. If the respective spectral peak in observational data is isolated, sharp and pronoimced enough, then we can assume that Q 1. In this case, it follows from (9.17) that the half-power frequency points (/1/2) are given by the following expressions ll... 

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