Circuit diagrams

Fig. 7. (a) Simple battery circuit diagram where represents the capacitance of the electrical double layer at the electrode—solution interface, W depicts the Warburg impedance for diffusion processes, and R is internal resistance and (b) the corresponding Argand diagram of the behavior of impedance with frequency, for an idealized battery system, where the characteristic behavior of A, ohmic B, activation and C, diffusion or concentration (Warburg... 

Figure 1.15 Simple equivalent circuit diagram of a motor...

Figure 2.4(a) Equivalent circuit diagram of a single squirrel cage motor... 

For power and control circuit diagrams refer to Figure 4.1(b). 

Figure 4.6 Circuit diagram for a closed transient YIA switching...

Let us consider the simple equivalent motor circuit diagram as shown earlier in Figure 1.15. The no-load component of the current, / , that feeds the no-load losses of the machine contains a magnetizing component, produces the required magnetic field, (p, , in the stator and the rotor circuits, and develops the rotor torque so that... 

Figure 12.4(b) Equivalent circuit diagram with an unbalanced supply voltage (at slip = 2 - S)... 

The two comparatively new type of breakers, vacuum and SFg are exceptions and have gained favour in view of their reliability and durability. For details on these breakers, see Sections 19.5.5 and 19.5.6, which also deal with their switching behaviour and phenomenon of arc reignition. Figures 12.44 and 12.45 illustrate typical power and control circuit diagrams respectively, for a 6.6 kV breaker-operated motor starter. 

Figure 12.44 A simple power circuit diagram for a breaker-operated HT motor starter...

To illustrate the important features of a VT, let us analyse its equivalent circuit diagram. Refer to a simple diagram as in Figure 15.1 which is drawn along similar lines to those for a motor (Section I.IO, Figure I.I.5). For ease of analysis, the ratio of primary and secondary turns has been considered as l l. Then from the circuit diagram, the following can be derived ... 

Figure 15.1 Equivalent circuit diagram for a voltage transformer...

R Damping resistor to prevent ferro-resonance effects Figure 15.7 Equivalent circuit diagram of a CVT... 

I2 - Secondary current referred to the primary side Figure 15.17 Equivalent circuit diagram of a current transformer... 

Refer to the control circuit diagram of Figure 15.24, drawn for the scheme in Figure 15.22. It is drawn on a single-phase basis for ease of illustration, where... 

Figure 15.24 Equivalent control circuit diagram for a differential ground fault protection scheme of Figure 15.22...

E will cause a circulating current, 4, The circuit diagram is drawn in Figure 16.16(b) w here... 

To determine this, consider the simple power circuit diagram of Figure 18.18(a). where... 

We represent this through a circuit diagram (Figure 19.30) where... 

Figure 24.6(a) Circuit diagram of a series compensated line... 

For ease of calculation, let us consider the impedance of the transformer as its leakage reactance, ignoring resistance and draw an equivalent circuit diagram as in Figures 24.25 (b) and (c) Assuming the length of the primary distribution line to be 15 km, the total line parameters will become... 

Fig. 8-4 Circuit diagram of a transformer-rectifier with overvoltage protection (protected against high voltage).

Figure 8-5 shows the main circuit diagram of a potential control rectifier provided with magnetic amplifiers (transducers). The chosen potential is set at the nominal value with a potentiometer. The actual potential is compared with this value, which corresponds to the voltage between a reference electrode and the protected object. 

Fig. 8-5 Circuit diagram illustrating the principle of a potential-controlled transformer-rectifier.

Figure 11 -7 shows the basic circuit diagram for a tank with two domes. The protection current flows via the two interconnected openers of the cover grounding switch to the cathode connection. If one of the covers is opened, the protection current circuit is broken and the tank grounded via the closing contact. The unconnected cable connection of the tank is without current and can be used for measuring potential. By this method, only one tank at a time is separated from the protection system while the other parts of the installations are still supplied with protection current. 

Fig. 13-3 Circuit diagram for a corrosion protection monitoring unit.

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