Liquid coated bubbles

Another coating-application problem involves the meniscus formed at the point of entry of the fiber into the coating liquid at the free surface. As shown schematically in Figure 5, the air streamlines along the free surface of the moving liquid, and the moving fiber will result in a pressure increase at the tip of the meniscus. If this pressure exceeds the pressure-containment capability of the liquid, an air column forms, collapses, and reforms, and air bubbles are entrained in the liquid. These bubbles concentrate in the liquid in time, and large numbers may pass... 

Carbon Dioxide Removal from Blood. Carbon dioxide was removed from blood by the liquid membrane-coated bubbles. The decrease of C02 partial pressure was from 26 mm Hg to 21 mm Hg in 12 min at an... 

ASTM D 1545-93. Standard test method for viscosity of transparent liquids by bubble time method. ASTM D 5201-97. Standard practice for calculating formulation physical constants of paints and coatings. ISO/FDIS 11890-1-99. Paints and varnishes - Determination of volatile organic compound content (VOC)... 

I) Bsfors gas bubbles rising up through the slag/ineta interface, ZnCl2..sq. liquid coatings are formed around gas bubbles. 

Eurthermore, defoamers are used to prevent or dissipate foams. Eoam can be formed during manufacturing and application of coatings. Water-based formulations are especially susceptible due to the presence of surface-active molecules, such as emulsifiers. If the bubbles are stabilised and long-lived they can interfere with the efficiency of manufacturing or leave unwanted voids in the dried film. Defoamers destabilise and break-up foam in the liquid coating. Most commonly, silicon- and hydrocarbon-based dispersions or emulsions are used. 

Microencapsulation is the coating of small solid particles, liquid droplets, or gas bubbles with a thin film of coating or shell material. In this article, the term microcapsule is used to describe particles with diameters between 1 and 1000 p.m. Particles smaller than 1 p.m are called nanoparticles particles greater than 1000 p.m can be called microgranules or macrocapsules. 

The structure of whipped cream is quite complex. A coating of milk protein surrounds small globules of milk fat containing both solid and liquid fats. These globules stack into chains and nets around air bubbles. The air bubbles are also formed from the milk proteins, which create a thin membrane around the air pockets. The three-dimensional network of joined fat globules and protein films stabilizes the foam, keeping the whipped cream stiff. 

Small stationary phase coated fiber exposed to sample, then transferred to inlet Inert gas bubbles through sample vaporized analytes collected on trap and desorbed into GC Supercritical carbon dioxide extracts analytes from liquid and solid samples... 

Several different analytical and ultra-micropreparative CEC approaches have been described for such peptide separations. For example, open tubular (OT-CEC) methods have been used 290-294 with etched fused silicas to increase the surface area with diols or octadecyl chains then bonded to the surface.1 With such OT-CEC systems, the peptide-ligand interactions of, for example, angiotensin I-III increased with increasing hydrophobicity of the bonded phase on the capillary wall. Porous layer open tubular (PLOT) capillaries coated with anionic polymers 295 or poly(aspartic acid) 296 have also been employed 297 to separate basic peptides on the inner wall of fused silica capillaries of 20 pm i.d. When the same eluent conditions were employed, superior performance was observed for these PLOT capillaries compared to the corresponding capillary zone electrophoresis (HP-CZE) separation. Peptide mixtures can be analyzed 298-300 with OT-CEC systems based on octyl-bonded fused silica capillaries that have been coated with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APS), as well as with pressurized CEC (pCEC) packed with particles of similar surface chemistry, to decrease the electrostatic interactions between the solute and the surface, coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS). In the pressurized flow version of electrochromatography, a pLC pump is also employed (Figure 26) to facilitate liquid flow, reduce bubble formation, and to fine-tune the selectivity of the separation of the peptide mixture. 

Determination of NG by Gas Liquid Chromatography. This technique is useful for measuring NG or other polyol nitrates present in air. Bubble a 10-liter sample thro two 10-ml containers of ale, then inject some of the ale soln onto a siliconized Chromosorb P column coated with 10% Igepal CO-880. Run the analysis at 160° under nitrogen carrier to detect a min of 2mg (Ref 14)... 

Stable gas-in-liquid emulsions, as found in natural waters or when modeled from natural micro bubbles using artificial media, are basically coated microbubbles and represent one more example of self-assembly in science. 

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