Lipid transfer protein

HMG-CoA-Reductase-Inhibitors Lipoprotein Metabolism Lipid Transfer Proteins... 

Plasma lipid transfer proteins, which include the cholesteryl-ester-transfer-protein (CETP previously known as lipid transfer protein I, LTP-I) and the phospholipid-transfer-protein (PLTP previously known as lipid transfer protein II, LTP-II) mediate the transfer of lipids (cholesteryl esters, triglycerides and phospholipids) between lipoproteins present in human plasma. These proteins significantly affect plasma lipoprotein concentration and composition. 

In humans, CETP and PLTP are directly involved in the transfer of lipids between different lipoprotein classes. Through their action, these lipid transfer proteins have major effects on the concentration and composition of HDL. This section further describes the physiological function of CETP and PLTP in humans. 

Tall A (1995) Plasma lipid transfer proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 64 235-257... 

Jiang XC, Zhou HW (2006) Plasma lipid transfer proteins. Curr Opin Lipidol 17 302—308... 

Lipid Transfer Proteins Lipidation Lipopolysaccharide Lipoprotein Lipase... 

Schad SG. Trcka J, Vieth S. Scheurer S. Conti A. Brbcker EB. Trautmann A Wine anaphylaxis in a German patient IgE-mediated allergy against a lipid transfer protein of grapes. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005 136 159-164. 

Lerche, M.H. and Poulsen, F.M. (1998) Solution structure of barley lipid transfer protein complexed with palmitate. Two different binding modes of palmitate in the homologous maize and barley nonspecific lipid transfer proteins. Protein Science 7, 2490-2498. 

Nielsen KK, Nielsen JE, Madrid S, Mikkelsen JD. New antifungal proteins from sugar beet Beta vulgaris L.) showing homology to non-specific lipid transfer proteins. Plant Mol Biol 1996 31 539-552. 

Lipid transfer peptides and proteins occur in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. In vitro they possess the ability to transfer phospholipids between lipid membranes. Plant lipid transfer peptides are unspecific in their substrate selectivity. They bind phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and glycolipids. Some of these peptides have shown antifungal activity in vitro The sequences of lipid transfer proteins and peptides contain 91-95 amino acids, are basic, and have eight cysteine residues forming four disulfide bonds. They do not contain tryptophan residues. About 40% of the sequence adopts a helical structure with helices linked via disulfide bonds. The tertiary structure comprises four a-helices. The three-dimensional structure of a lipid transfer peptide from H. vulgare in complex with palmitate has been solved by NMR. In this structure the fatty acid is caged in a hydrophobic cavity formed by the helices. 

Pastorello, E.A., et al. (2000). The maize major allergen, which is responsible food-induced allergic reactions, is a lipid transfer protein, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 106, 4, 744-751. 

Pastorello, E.A., et al. (2001). Lipid transfer proteins and 2S albumins as allergens. 

HV012 Molina, A., A. Segura, and F. Garcia-Olmedo. Lipid transfer proteins (NSLTPS) from barley and maize leaves are potent inhibitors of bacte- HV024 rial and fungal plant pathogens. FEBS Lett 1993 316(2) 119-122. 

HV179 Garcia-Casado G., ]. F. Crespo, ]. Rodriguez, and G. Salcedo. Isolation and characterization of barley lipid transfer protein and protein Z as beer allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001 108(4) 647-649. 

Kato H, Nakanishi T, Arai H, Nishida HI, Nishida T (1989) Purification, microheterogeneity, and stability of human lipid transfer protein. J Biol Chem 264 4082-4087... 

Stein O, Stein Y (2005) Lipid transfer proteins (LTP) and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 178 217-230... 

Many larger lipid carrier proteins are known. The 476-residue plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein is discussed briefly in Chapter 22. Plasma phospholipid transfer proteins are of similar size.t/U A 456-residue human phospholipid-binding protein interacts with the lipopolysaccharide of the surfaces of gram-negative bacteria (Fig. 8-30) and participates in the immune response to the bacteria. It has an elongated boomerang shape with two cavities, both of which bind a molecule of phosphatidylcholine. Other plasma lipid transfer proteins may have similar structures/... 

Reaction catalyzed by lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). The resulting cholesteryl ester is transferred to VLDL and LDL particles by a lipid transfer protein. 

Buchter D, Behre HM, Kliesch S, Chirazi A, Nieschlag E, Assmann G, von Eckardstein A. Effects of testosterone suppression in young men by the gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix on plasma lipids, lipolytic enzymes, lipid transfer proteins, insulin, and leptin. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999 107(8) 522-9. 

Increased fecal bile acid excretion in transgenic mice with elevated expression of human phospho lipid transfer protein. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 23, 892-897. 

The transfer of CE from HDL to TRL and LDL and the transfer of TG back to HDL is facilitated by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) or lipid transfer protein 1 (LTP 1). CETP also catalyzes the transfer of phospholipids... 

ML Brown, A Inazu, CB Hesler, LB Agellon, C Mann, ME Whitelock, YL Marcel, RW Milne, J Koizumi, H Mabuchi, T Takeda, AR Tall. Molecular basis of lipid transfer protein deficiency in a family with increased high-density lipoproteins. Nature (London) 342 448-451, 1989. 

DE Epps, KA Greenlee, JS Harris, EW Thomas, CK Castle, JF Fisher, RR Hozak, CK Marschke, GW Melchior, FL Kezdy. Kinetics and inhibition of lipid exchange catalyzed by plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (lipid transfer protein). Biochemistry 34 12560-12569, 1995. 

HI Nishida, H Arai, T Nishida. Cholesterol ester transfer mediated by lipid transfer protein as influenced by changes in the charge characteristics of plasma lipoproteins. J Biol Chem 268 16352-16360, 1993. 

---