Lipopolysaccharide Escherichia coli

Camosol and ursolic acid were isolated from rosemary as described (5). Camosic acid and rosmarinic acid were isolated from the ground dried leaves of rosemary, sequentially, by hexane and n-butanol extractions. The final products were purified by column chromatography on silica gel (2). LPS (lipopolysaccharide, Escherichia coli 026 B6), sulfanilamide and naphthyl-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). Isotopes were obtained from Amersham (Arlington Heights, IL). RT-PCR reagents were purchased from Promega (Madison, WI). Polynucleotide kinase was purchased from Pharmacia (Piscataway, NJ). 

Salvemini, D., Korbut, R Anggard, E., and Vane, J., Immediate release of nitric oxide-like factor from bovine aortic endothelial cells by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87,2593-2597 (1990). 

Plate 7 (Figure 8, Chapter 6, p. 306). Structure of the Escherichia coli FhuA protein serving as receptor for ferrichrome and the antibiotic albomycin. (a), side view (b), side aspect with partly removed barrel to allow the view on the cork domain (c), top view. A single lipopolysaccharide molecule is tightly associated with the transmembrane region of FhuA (reproduced by permission of W. Welte and A. Brosig)... 

Schilling, J. D., Mulvey, M. A., Vincent, C. D., Lorenz, R. G., and Hultgren, S. J. (2001). Bacterial invasion augements epithelial cytokine response to Escherichia coli through a lipopolysaccharide-dependent mechanism. /. Immunol. 166,1148-1155. 

Endo Y Simultaneous induction of histidine and ornithine decarboxylases and changes in their product amines following the injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide into mice. Biochem Pharmacol 1982 31 1643-1647. 

Kim, S., Burgula, Y., Ojanen-Reuhs, T., Cousin, M. A., Reuhs, B. L., and Mauer, U. J. (2006b). Differentiation of crude lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli strains using Eourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. /. Food Sci. 71, M57-M61. 

N. catarrhalis,560 N. perflava,559 Moraxella duplex and Micrococcus calco-aceticus,443 and Escherichia coli,420 Vicari and Kabat,45 in studies of blood-group oligosaccharides, and Hellerqvist and colleagues,53 in an examination of the common core-polysaccharide of Salmonella typhimurium, have used similar methods. The examination of amino sugars as their peracetylated aminodeoxyalditols has also been used by Liideritz and colleagues72 to establish the occurrence of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose in Salmonella lipopolysaccharides, and has been extended to aminodeoxyheptoses by Williams and Perry.561... 

Stuehr, D. j., and Marietta, M. A. (1985). Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis Mouse macrophages produce nitrite and nitrate in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 7738-7742. 

Wagner, D., and Tannenbaum, S. R. (1982). Enhancement of nitrate biosynthesis by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. In Nitrosamines and Human Cancer (P. N. Magee, ed.). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. 

As may be seen from Table I (see p. 327), MOPC 384 precipitates with the lipopolysaccharides from Proteus mirabilis sp2, Salmonella tranaroa, Escherichia coli 070, and Salmonella telaviv.7s Precipitation with the latter polysaccharide can be inhibited with methyl ct-D-galactopyranoside. No inhibition could be achieved by using p-aminophenyl 1-thio-a-D-galactopyranoside,85 but the specificity of this protein nevertheless appears to be for a-D-linked D-galac-topyranosyl residues. 

Lipopolysaccharides are the dominant surface feature of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella ty-phimurium. These molecules are prime targets of the antibodies produced by the vertebrate immune system in response to bacterial infection and are therefore important determinants of the serotype of bacterial strains (serotypes are strains that are distinguished on the basis of antigenic properties). The lipopolysaccharides of S. typhimurium contain six fatty acids bound to two... 

M. A. Ghalambor and E. C. Heath, The biosynthesis of cell wall lipopolysaccharide in Escherichia coli, J. Biol. Chem. 241 3222 (1966). 

The O-antigen polysaccharides of Klebsiella serotype 05 and Escherichia coli 08 were prepared by mild hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides. A bacteriophage enzyme hydrolyzed both polymers,3150 giving the trisaccharide /3-D-Man-(l - 2)-a-D-Man-(l -> 2)-D-Man. 

Paulsen, H., und Lockhoff, O. (1981). Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, XXXI. Synthese der repeating-unit der O-spezifischen Kette des Lipopolysaccharides des Bakteriums Escherichia coli 075. Chem. Ber. H4, 3115-3125... 

Inoculate commodity samples with a known amount of endotoxin (e.g., 10-100 ng Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, obtainable from several commercial sources). The endotoxin should be contained in a volume of water equal to the residual water volume following the washing procedure used prior to sterilization. 

B. A. Dmitriev, Y. A. Knirel, N. K. Kochetkov, B. lann, and K. lann, Cell-wall lipopolysaccharide of the Shigella-like Escherichia coli 058. Structure of the polysaccharide chain, Eur. J. Biochem., 79 (1977) 111-115. 

B. Lindberg, F. Lindh, J. L. A. Lindberg, and S. B. Svenson, Structural studies of the O-specific side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 055, Carbohydr. Res., 97 (1981) 105-112. 

S. M. Strain, S. W. Fesik, and I. M. Armitage, Characterization of lipopolysaccharide from a Heptoseless mutant of Escherichia coli by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance, J. Biol. Chem., 258 (1983) 2906-2910. 

Brozek, K.A., Hosaka, K., Robertson, A.D., Raetz, C.R.H. Biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide in Escherichia coli cytoplasmic enzymes that attach 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid to lipid A. J Biol Chem 264 (1989) 6956-6966. 

Kanipes, M.I., Lin, S., Cotter, R.J., Raetz, C.R. Ca2+-induced phosphoethanolamine transfer to the outer 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid moiety of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. A novel membrane enzyme dependent upon phosphatidylethanolamine. J Biol Chem 276 (2001) 1156-1163. 

Klein, G., Lindner, B., Brabetz, W., Brade, H., Raina, S. Escherichia coli K-12 suppressor-free mutants lacking early glycosyltransferases and late acyltransferases minimal lipopolysaccharide structure and induction of envelope stress response. J Biol Chem 284 (2009) 15369-15389. 

Muller-Loennies, S., Lindner, B., Brade, H. Structural analysis of deacylated lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli strains 2513 (R4 core-type) and F653 (R3 core-type). Eur J Biochem 269 (2002) 5982-5991. 

Reynolds, C.M., Raetz, C.R. Replacement of lipopolysaccharide with free lipid A molecules in Escherichia coli mutants lacking all core sugars. Biochemistry 48 (2009) 9627-9640. 

Roncero, C., Casadaban, M.J. Genetic analysis of the genes involved in synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide core in Escherichia coli K-12 three operons in the rfa locus. J Bacteriol 174 (1992) 3250-3260. 

Ruiz, N., Cronenberg, L.S., Kahne, D., Silhavy, TJ. Identification of two inner-membrane proteins required for the transport of lipopolysaccharide to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 (2008) 5537-5542. 

Sperandeo, R, Cescutti, R., Villa, R., Di Benedetto, C., Candia, D., Deho, G., Polissi, A. Characterization of lptA and lptB, two essential genes implicated in lipopolysaccharide transport to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 189 (2007) 244-253. 

Morrison, D.C., Leive, L. Fractions of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 0111 B4 prepared by two extraction procedures. J Biol Chem 250 (1975) 2911-2919. 

Peterson, A.A., McGroarty, E.J. High-molecular-weight components in lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella minnesota, and Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 162 (1985) 738-745. 

Prehm, P., Stirm, S., Jann, B., Jann, K. Cell-wall lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli B. Eur J Biochem 56 (1975) 41-55. 

Rosner, M.R., Tang, J., Barzilay, I., Khorana, H.G. Structure of the lipopolysaccharide from an Escherichia coli heptose-less mutant. I. Chemical degradations and identification of products. J Biol Chem 254 (1979) 5906-5917. 

Brandenburg, K. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization of the lamellar and non-lamellar structures of free lipid A and Re lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella Minnesota and Escherichia coli. Biophys J 64 (1993) 1215-1231. 

Kastowsky, M., Sabisch, A., Gutberlet, T., Bradaczek, H. Molecular modelling of bacterial deep rough mutant lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli, Eur J Biochem 197 (1991) 707-716. 

Heinrichs, D.E., Yethon, J.A., Whitfield, C. Molecular basis for structural diversity in the core regions of the lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Mol Microbiol 30(2) (1998) 221-232. 

Meredith, T.C., Mamat, U., Kaczynski, Z., Lindner, B., Holst, O., Woodard, R.W. Modification of lipopolysaccharide with colanic acid (M-antigen) repeats in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 282 (2007) 7790-7798. 

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