Lipopolysaccharides cores

This enzyme [EC 2.4.1.56] catalyzes the reaction of UDP-A-acetyl-D-glucosamine with a lipopolysaccharide to produce UDP and an A-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-lipopoly-saccharide. Thus, this enzyme transfers A-acetylgluco-saminyl residues to a D-galactose residue in the partially completed lipopolysaccharide core. 

Kanjilal-Kolar, S., Basu, S.S., Kanipes, M.I., Guan, Z., Garrett, T.A., Raetz, C.R. Expression cloning of three Rhizobium leguminosarum lipopolysaccharide core galacturonosyltransferases. J Biol Chem 281 (2006) 12865-12878. 

Roncero, C., Casadaban, M.J. Genetic analysis of the genes involved in synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide core in Escherichia coli K-12 three operons in the rfa locus. J Bacteriol 174 (1992) 3250-3260. 

Kondakova, A.N., Vinogradov, E., Lindner, B., Kocharova, N.A., Rozalski, A., Knirel, Y.A. Elucidation of the lipopolysaccharide core structures of bacteria of the genus Providencia. J Carbohydr Chem 25 (2006) 499-520. 

Ortega, X., Silipo, A., Saldfas, M.S., Bates, C.C., Molinaro, A., Valvano, M.A. Biosynthesis and structure of the Burkholderia cenocepacia K56-2 lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharide truncation of the core oligosaccharide leads to increased binding and sensitivity to polymyxin B. J Biol Chem 284(32) (2009) 21738-21751. 

Vinogradov, E., Wilde, C., Anderson, E.M., Nakhamchik, A., Lam, J.S. Rowe-Magnus D.A., Structure of the lipopolysaccharide core of Vibrio vulnificus type strain 27562. Carbohydr Res 344 (2009) 484-490. 

Tamayo, R., Choudhury, B., Septer, A., Merighi, M., Carlson, R., Gunn, J., Identification of cptA, a PmrA-regulated locus required for phosphoethanolamine modification of the Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lipopolysaccharide core. J Bacteriol 187 (2005) 3391-3399. 

Kaniuk, N.A., Vinogradov, E., Whitfield, C. Investigation of the structural requirements in the lipopolysaccharide core acceptor for ligation of O antigens in the genus Salmonella WaaL ligase is not the sole determinant of acceptor specificity. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 36470-36480. 

Cross, A., Sidberry, H., Sadoff, J.C. The human antibody response during natural bacteremic infection with gram-negative bacilli against lipopolysaccharide core determinants. J Infect Dis 160 (1989) 225-236. 

Dissanayake, D.R., Wijewardana, T.G., Gunawardena, G.A., Poxton, I.R. Potential use of liposome-encapsulated mixture of lipopolysaccharide core types (Rl, R2, R3 and R4) of Escherichia coli in controlling colisepticemia in chickens. J Med Microbiol (2009) (epub-lished). 

C. R.H. Cloning and overexpression of glycosyltransferases that generate the lipopolysaccharide core of Rhizobium leguminosarum. J Biol Chem 273 (1998) 26432-26440. 

The syntheses are performed in work mainly connected with the bacteria Salmonella, Neisseria and Haemophilus, and the synthesised structures correspond to lipopolysaccharide core structures of these bacteria (Figs. 1-3). 

Lipopolysaccharide core structures are, as mentioned, phosphorylated. The phosphate groups complicate the separation and purification and consequently the structure elucidation of core structures, and these were therefore formerly often performed on dephosphorylated material. However, with the techniques of today it is generally possible also to establish the phosphorylation pattern of the native structures, giving an additional challenge to the synthetic chemist to synthesise phosphorylated oligosaccharide structures to be used as tools in the evaluation of the biological role of the phosphate groups. 

Bowes T, Wagner ER, Boffey J, Nicholl D, Cochrane L, Benboube-tra M, Conner J, Furukawa K, Furukawa K, Willison HJ (2002) Tolerance to self gangliosides is the major factor restricting the antibody response to lipopolysaccharide core ohgosaccharides in Campylobacter jejuni strains associated with GuiUain-Barre syndrome. Infect Immun 70 5008-5018. 

O-antigen chain is transferred from imdecaprenol diphosphate onto the lipopolysaccharide core. This apparently occurs on the periplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. If so, the core lipid domain must be flipped across the plasma membrane before the... 

Kosma, R Zamyatina, A. Chemical synthesis of lipopolysaccharide core. In Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides, Knirel, Y. A. Valvano, M. A. Eds. Springer, Wien, New York, 2011, pp. 131-161. 

J.L. Kadrmas, K.A. Brozek, and C.R.H. Raetz, Lipopolysaccharide core glycosylation in Rhizohium leguminosarum. An unusual Man-T resembling the heptosyltransferase I of Escherichia coli, J. Biol Chem. 1996, 271, 32119-32125. 

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