Extraction butanol

Ferricyanide [hexacyanoferrate(III), Fe(CN)6 ] can be determined using its oxidising properties, e.g., by the oxidation of 5-sulphobutylamide-2 -methoxyphenylanthranilic acid in 4M NaOH medium [48]. Ferricyanide has been separated from ferrocyanide by extraction (butanol, amyl alcohol), associated with triphenyl-n-propylphosphonium ion. The absorbance of the extract has been measured at 420 nm [49]. 

Solvent extraction of lignin Ethanol-water extraction Benzene-water extraction Ethylene glycol extraction Butanol-water extraction Swelling agents... 

The concentration of o-phthalic acid in an organic solvent, such as n-butanol, may be determined by an acid-base titration using aqueous NaOH as the titrant. As the titrant is added, the o-phthalic acid is extracted into the aqueous... 

Recovery and Purification. The dalbaheptides are present in both the fermentation broth and the mycelial mass, from which they can be extracted with acetone or methanol, or by raising the pH of the harvested material, eg, to a pH of 10.5—11 for A47934 (16) (44) and A41030 (41) and actaplanin (Table 2) (28). A detailed review on the isolation of dalbaheptides has been written (14). Recovery from aqueous solution is made by ion pair (avoparcin) or butanol (teicoplanin) extraction. The described isolation schemes use ion-exchange matrices such as Dowex and Amberlite IR, acidic alumina, cross-linked polymeric adsorbents such as Diaion HP and Amberlite XAD, cation-exchange dextran gel (Sephadex), and polyamides in various sequences. Reverse-phase hplc, ion-exchange, or affinity resins may be used for further purification (14,89). 

In general, the tetracyclines are yellow crystalline compounds that have amphoteric properties (Fig. 2) (15). They are soluble in both aqueous acid and aqueous base. The acid salts tend to be soluble in organic solvents such as 1-butanol, dioxane, and 2-ethoxyethanol In fact, 1-butanol is used to extract the salts from aqueous solution. 

Extraction of sec-butanol from isobutene Hydrothermal oxidation of organic wastes in water... 

Extraction from Aqueous Solutions Critical Fluid Technologies, Inc. has developed a continuous countercurrent extraction process based on a 0.5-oy 10-m column to extract residual organic solvents such as trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, benzene, and chloroform from industrial wastewater streams. Typical solvents include supercritical CO9 and near-critical propane. The economics of these processes are largely driven by the hydrophihcity of the product, which has a large influence on the distribution coefficient. For example, at 16°C, the partition coefficient between liquid CO9 and water is 0.4 for methanol, 1.8 for /i-butanol, and 31 for /i-heptanol. 

In the last few years, Idemitsu commercialized a 5000 metric ton/year integrated reaction and separation process in SCR isobutene, as shown in Rig. 22-24. The reaction of isobutene and water takes place in the water phase and is acid catalyzed. The product, sec-butanol, is extracted into the isobutene phase to drive the reversible reaction to the right. The. s c-butanol is then recovered from the isobutene by depressurizing the SCR phase, and the isobutene is recompressed and recycled. 

Acetohydrazidines ai e interesting for the analytical usage. They were proposed as the reagents for the determination of Ni(II) in different environmental samples. 2-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-4-(2-nitrophenyl)aceto-hydrazidine forms the blue complex 1 1 with Ni(II). The extraction was carried out with n-butanole saturated with water. The reagent excess was excluded by CCl. ... 

Methyl-l-butanol [137-32-6 RS 34713-94-5 S(-)- 1565-80-6] M 88.2, b 130°(/ S), 128.6°(S), [a]p -5.8° (neat), d 0.809, n 1.4082. Refluxed with CaO, distd, refluxed with magnesium and again fractionally distd. A small sample of highly purified material was obtained by fractional crystn after conversion into a suitable ester such as the trinitrophthalate or the 3-nitrophthalate. The latter was converted to the cinchonine salt in acetone and recrystd from CHCI3 by adding pentane. The salt was saponified, extracted with ether, and fractionally distd. [Terry et al. J Chem Eng Data 5 403 7960.]... 

A solution of 0.7 g (18 mmoles) of potassium in 35 ml of /-butanol is added to a boiling solution of 5 g (13 mmoles) of 5a-cholestan-3-one in 50 ml of benzene and 25 ml of /-butanol. A total of 5 ml (11.4 g, 80 mmoles) of methyl iodide in 50 ml of benzene is then added and refluxing is continued for 3 min. The solution is cooled, ice is added and the product is isolated by extraction with ether. The crystalline residue in light petroleum solution is chromatographed on 300 g of alumina. Elution with light petroleum yields initially 0.55 g (10%) of 2,2-dimethyl-5a-cholestan-3-one mp 111-113° [o(]d 77° (CHCI3), after crystallization from ether-methanol. Further elution affords 1.01 g (20%) of 2a-methyl-5a-cholestan-3-one mp 119-120° [a]o 32° (CHCI3), after crystallization from ether-methanol. 

The mixture is extracted three times with 100-ml portions of ether, and the combined extracts are washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The ether is evaporated (rotary evaporator) and the residue distilled giving 6.15 g (83%) of 2-butanol, bp 98°/725 mm, 1.3970, [ ]p 4- 11.6°. 

The extracted aqueous solution is covered with butanol and the pH adjusted to 2 by the addition of N HCI. The acidified aqueous phase is extracted with butanol, the pH of the aqueous phase being adjusted to pH 2 each time. The combined butanol solutions which contain the free acid, a-carbobenzyloxyaminobenzylpenicillin, are washed with water, and are then shaken with water to which sufficient 3% sodium bicarbonate has been added to bring the aqueous phase to pH 7. The process of washing and shaking i repeated with fresh water and bicarbonate solution. The combined aqueous solutions are washed with ether and then are evaporated under reduced pressure and low temperature. The product, the sodium salt of a-carbobenzyloxyaminobenzylpenicillin, is obtained as a yellow solid in a yield of 65%. 

The free base can be liberated from the hydrochloride by extracting a butanol solution of the hydrochloride several times with sodium bicarbonate solution. After recrystallization from isopropanol/ligroin, the yield of D-(-f)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane amounts to 33.0 g, corresponding to 90.1 % of theory relative to the D-form. Melting point = 152°C to 154°C. 

A mixture of 1.759 g of 2a.3a-epithio-5Q -endrostan-17 3-ol, 2.3 ml of 1-methoxycyclopen-tene, 20 mg of pyridine salt of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 20 ml of t-butanol is stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is poured into an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and the whole extracted with dichloromethane. The extract is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to remove solvent. Purification of the residue by chromatography over alumina gives 1.487 g of 17/3-(1-methoxycyclopentyl)oxy-2a,3a-epi-thio-50 -androstane. Yield68.2%. MP98°Cto 101°C. 

Sodium (9.6 parts) was dissolved in butanol (192 parts) and di-n-butyl ethyl 1 -methyl-n-butylmalonate (62,B parts) and urea (14.4 parts) were added to the warm solution with agitation. The mixture was then heated to reflux temperature in three quarters of an hour and maintained for 2 hours. The reaction mass was kept, water (150 parts) added, the aqueous portion separated, and the butanol layer extracted with water (3 x 50 parts). The combined aqueous extracts were then given 3 small extractions with benzene, the aqueous liquors separated, charcoaled,filtered and precipitated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (acid to congo-paper). The solid was collected, washed with water, dissolved in N-sodium hydroxide and reprecipitated with carbon dioxide. On recrystallization, from aqueous alcohol, the pentobarbitone was obtained. 

Preparation of 5-(3-Methylaminopropyl)-5H-Dibenzo[a,d]Cycloheptene from 5-[3-(N-Formyl-N-Methylj-Aminopropyl]SH-Dibenzo[a/i]Cycloheptene 29.5 grams of 5-[3-(N-formyl-N-methyD-aminoprOpyl] -5H-dibenzo[a,d] cycloheptene is refluxed for 24 hours under nitrogen in a solution of 36.3 grams of potassium hydroxide in 378 ml of n-butanol. After cooling to room temperature, the solvent Is evaporated in vacuo, the residue is stirred with 200 ml of water, 300 ml of n-hexane, the layers separated, the water layer extracted with 100 ml of n-hexane and the combined hexane layers washed with water (2 x 100 ml) and then with... 

To 17 C of a culture obtained by submerged fermentation as mentioned above, siliceous earth is added and the batch is filtered. The mixture of mycelium and the siliceous earth are agi-tatedforl hour with 2.5 Cof butanol. This treatment is repeated twice. Thebutanolic extracts are combined, washed with water, evaporated to dry ness (about 10 g) and boiled with acetone (80 ml). The residue (5.41 g of yellowish powder) is distamycin. 

Early examples of enantioselective extractions are the resolution of a-aminoalco-hol salts, such as norephedrine, with lipophilic anions (hexafluorophosphate ion) [184-186] by partition between aqueous and lipophilic phases containing esters of tartaric acid [184-188]. Alkyl derivatives of proline and hydroxyproline with cupric ions showed chiral discrimination abilities for the resolution of neutral amino acid enantiomers in n-butanol/water systems [121, 178, 189-192]. On the other hand, chiral crown ethers are classical selectors utilized for enantioseparations, due to their interesting recognition abilities [171, 178]. However, the large number of steps often required for their synthesis [182] and, consequently, their cost as well as their limited loadability makes them not very suitable for preparative purposes. Examples of ligand-exchange [193] or anion-exchange selectors [183] able to discriminate amino acid derivatives have also been described. 

The recovery of n-butanol from a fermentation broth in a similar way has been investigated by in situ extraction with [BMIM][PF(3] (Entry 5) [33]. 

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