Lipemia, postprandial

Postprandial lipemia and lipoprotein lipase in the rabbit are modified by CN123 olive and coconut oil. Arteriosclerosis 1990 10(3) 421-429. 

Blanco-Colio, L.M., Valderrama, M., Alvarez-Sala, L.A., Bustos, C., Ortego, M., Hernandez-Presa, M.A., Cancelas, P., Gomez-Gerique, J., Millan, J., and Egido, J., Red wine intake prevents nuclear factor-KB activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy volunteers during postprandial lipemia. Circulation, 102, 1020, 2000. 

Superko, H.R. and Krauss, R.M. 2000. Garlic powder, effect on plasma lipids, postprandial lipemia, low-density lipoprotein particle size, high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution and lipoprotein(a). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 35, 321-326. 

The effects of Caprenin, another structured lipid, on chylomicron fatty acid composition and postprandial semm lipid concentrations have also been studied (178). It was found that there is a very low uptake of C8 0, C10 0, and C22 0 into chylomicrons. Moreover, a postprandial lipemia after caprenin is comparable with that produced by other dietary fats as opposed to a fat-free meal. There is considerable... 

Symmetrical stearic acid containing TAGs with oleic acid in the iw-2-position (cocoa butter) is absorbed faster than asymmetrical TAGs with saturated fatty acids in the i -2-position, leading to higher postprandial lipemia and activated factor Vila levels (67). 

There is evidence that intestinal lipoprotein production is increased in diabetes and insulin-resistant states. Intestinal lipoprotein overproduction has been suggested to be a major contributor to the fasting and postprandial lipemia observed in insulin-resistant states (M.R. Taskinen, 2003). Evidence for increased formation of intestinal apo B48-containing lipoproteins as a result of insulin resistance comes from studies in animal models (K. Adeli, 2006) as well as humans. The underlying mechanisms are currently unknown, but increased de novo lipogenesis, reduced apo B48 degradation, and higher MTP expression have been implicated. 

Reznik Y, Morello R, Pousse P, Mahoudeau J, and Fradin S, The effect of age, body mass index, and fasting triglyceride level on postprandial lipemia is dependent on apolipoprotein E polymorphism in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mel-litus. Metabolism, Sep 2002 51(9) 1088-1092. 

It is now accepted that increased postprandial lipemia is directly related to an increased rate of progression of atherosclerosis and increased risk of CHD (50,51). The degree of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in patients with CHD is due to impaired TG clearance after a standardized fatty meal (52). Exaggerated lipemia is common in patients with CHD, and peak lipemia may occur 8 h after the fatty meal instead of the usual 3 h. Postprandial lipemia promotes the formation of chylomicron remnants (52,53). Indeed, a diet low in fat, in particular saturated fat, reduces the levels of chylomicron remnants in humans (54). The composition of the fatty meal is also important, and fish oil fatty acids may be less Upemic (54,55). 

The atherogenic mechanisms of postprandial lipemia are being examined intensively. Chylomicron remnants are more avidly taken up by macrophages than normal chylomicrons and could promote atherogenesis by this mechanism (56). However, endothelial function may be acutely impaired after a fatty meal (57) and is related to fee formation of chylomicron remnants (58). In one study, endothelial function was impaired after a meal made wife oil feat had... 

The endothelial dysfunction during the postprandial phase after a meal rich in oxidized fat is almost certainly due to the cellular response to oxidized fat originating from this repeatedly heated fat. As in so many cases, the precise identity of this factor is not known. It is often assumed that it is a reactive molecule, derived from quantitatively the most important unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid) in the diet. Thus 9-, 11-, and 13-hydroperoxy-linoleic acids are possibilities, as are 8,9- or 11,12-epoxy-linoleic acids. However, the relative amount of epoxy fatty acids in the diet is much less than that of hydroperoxy fats. Photooxidation products of oleic acid cannot be excluded either, and it is worth pointing out that this unsaturated fatty acid is quantitatively the most important fatty acid in Western and Mediterranean diets. What is also not clear is whether endothelial dysfunction during postprandial lipemia requires the induction of enzymes. 

From the results of animal studies, it is conceivable that DAG may improve postprandial lipemia in humans. Human studies have been conducted to compare the postprandial states of lipids in serum and also in remnant-like particles. Taguchi et al. (7) showed that TG concentrations in chylomicron fraction were markedly lower after ingestion of DAG than after TAG. The lower serum TG levels after DAG ingestion may be the result of the slower rate of chylomicron formation after DAG ingestion compared with TAG ingestion. 

Musso, G Gambino, R De Michieli, F Cassader, M Rizzetto, M Durazzo, M et al. Dietaiy habits and their relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatol, 2003 37 909-16. 

Chong MF, Fielding BA, Frayn KN (2007) Mechanisms for the acute effect of fructose on postprandial lipemia. Am J Clin Nutri 85 1511-1520... 

Nicolaiew N, Lemort N, Adomi L, Berra B, Montorfano G, Rapelli S, Cortesi N, Jacotot B. Comparison between extra virgin olive oil and oleic acid rich sunflower oil effects on postprandial lipemia and LDL susceptibility to oxidation. Ann Nutr Metab 19981 42 251-260. 

Tuomasjukka, S., Kallio, H., Forssell, P., 2006. Effect of microencapsulation of dietary oil on postprandial lipemia. J. Food Sci. 71 S225-S230. 

Hyperglyceridemia has been reported to correlate better with CHD than hypercholesterolemia (Albrink and Man 1959), and subjects with CHD exhibit marked and prolonged postprandial lipemia (Brown et al. 1961). However, while there is wide agreement on a strong correlation between essential hypercholesterolemia and the premature occurrence of CHD, evidence for an increased incidence of atherosclerotic complications in essential hyperlipemias is controversial. 

Hellems, H. K., and T. J. Regan The influence of postprandial lipemia on myocardial blood flow and metabolism. Amer. Coll. Physiol. Proc. 41st Annual Session, April 1960 (cit. by Beown et. al. 1961). 

Thomas et al. conducted a stody to evaluate the effect of MCTGs with and without exercise on postprandial lipemia (PPL). Twenty-five young men and women were chosen. Each subject had to perform three trials (1) a control group ate a meal with only 1.5 g of fat/kg of body weight (2) MCT oil was substimted for 30% of the fat calories and (3) MCT oil was consumed as in trial 2, but 12 h of exercise was completed before the meal. ANOVA indicated that the substitution of MCT oil to the control meal did not affect the PPL. However, the PPL was significantly lower after the MCT oil + exercise vs. the other trials. The results suggest that MCT oil does not affect the TG response to a fat meal. ... 

Dietary diacylglycerols (DAG) are natural components of various edible oils. We have studied the nutritional characteristics of dietary DAG in comparison with triacylglycerols (TAG) and found that DAG, particularly in the 1,3-isoform (see Figure 1), have metabolic characteristics distinct from those of TAG which may produce beneficial effects with regard to the prevention and management of postprandial lipemia and obesity. 

In conclusion, the double-blind controlled study using healthy men showed that one can reduce the magnitude of postprandial lipemia by consuming DAG oil in place of TAG oil (Taguchi et al., 2000). Based on the correlation between coronary artery disease and postprandial lipemia, it can be speculated that dietary DAG may be less atherogenic than TAG. 

The magnitude of postprandial lipemia in healthy men is lower after DAG ingestion than after TAG ingestion. 

Mekki, N, Christofilis, MA, Charbonnier, M, Atlan-Gepner, C, Defoort, C, Juhel, C, Borel, P, Portugal, H, Pauli, AM, Vialettes, B and Lairon, D (1999) Influence of obesity and body fat distribution on postprandial lipemia and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in adult women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 84, 184-191. 

Griffin, M.D. Sanders, T.A. Davies, I.G. Morgan, L.M. Millward, D.J. Lewis, F. Slaughter, S., Cooper, J.A. MiUer, G.J. Griffin, B.A. Effects of altering the ratio of dietary n-6 on 3 fatty acids on insnUn sensitivity, lipoprotein size, and postprandial lipemia in men and post menopansal women aged 45-70 y The OPTILIP study. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 84, 1290-1298. 

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