Kernels damaged

Damaged kernels are considered to be those with evident visual damage that negatively affects their value for cereal processors. The determination of damaged kernels is made after removal of foreign material and fines. 

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Defects (total) include damaged kernels (total), foreign material, and shmnken and broken kernels. The sum of these three factors may not exceed the limit for defects. 

Grade Minimum test Broken com Maximum limits damaged kernels ... 

Grade Minimum test weight per bushel (lb) Moisture (%) Maximum limits of Damaged kernels Total (%) Heat-damaged kernels (%) Broken kernels, foreign material, other grains (%)... 

Damaged Kernels Foreign Material %) Splits %) Soybeans of Other Colors %)... 

All com that does not meet the requirements of any of the six numerical grades by reason of an excessive percentage of moisture, damaged kernels, foreign matter, or cracked com, or com that is hot, heat damaged, fire burnt, infested with live weevils, or otherwise of distinctly low quality shall be classed as sample grade. 

The degree of acidity of com increased directly with the percentage of damaged kernels as determined by mechanical analyses. 

When soybeans are received at the crushing plant, they are sampled to analyze moisture, foreign matter, splits, and damaged-seed contents. Sometimes oil and protein contents are also determined (only test weight, total damaged kernels, heat-dam-... 

Aspergillus flavus invasion and aflatoxin contamination in almonds are usually associated with damaged kernels (8,11,12,13). The most significant source of damage to almond kernels is caused by the navel orangeworm larvae, Amyelois transltella (Walker). 

In the United States, there are the following grades of rice U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2, U.S. No. 3, U.S. No. 4, U.S. No. 5, U.S. No. 6, and U.S. Sample grade. The grades are determined by size of kernels, number of heat-damaged kernels and objectionable seeds, percent of red rice and damaged kernels, percent of chalky kernels, percent of broken kernels, and color. 

The relationships between concentrations of the toxins and grain infection by the fungi found in this study were consistent with those reported by Hesseltine et al. (1976) and Jones et al. (i960) for AF B> concentration and kernel infection by A. flavus in corn. It is interesting that significant ZE and DON contamination was present in samples and there was no Fusarium head blight reported. Moreover, there was no noticeable increase in mold-damaged kernels as is present in scabby wheat. 

All classification systems are based on quick and easy-to-perform tests. These simple assays should closely relate to grain quality and potential use. With the exception of moisture, most tests rely on simple-to-use equipment or visual observations by accredited inspectors. The most common tests are moisture, test weight, foreign or extraneous material, and the inspection of the several types of damaged kernels. 

Total Heat Damage Objectionable Kernels Red and Damaged Kernels Chalky Kernels Broken Kernels Removed by 6.5 Sieve (%) Other Types (%) Well- Milled Grains... 

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