Origins and causes

The origin and cause of acceleration of cosmic rays is somewhat uncertain, but the power-law energy spectrum suggests some kind of electromagnetic process... 

Explosives and evidence at a fire scene (fire debris) for determination regarding the origin and cause of the fire. 

Tension the most common cause of headache, thought to be due to pericranial muscle contraction. It is often psychogenic in origin and caused or made worse by tension, anxiety or fatigue. 

Taylor, S. (2007) Privatization and Financial Collapse in the Nuclear Industry The Origins and Causes of the British Energy Crisis of2002, London Routledge. 

Major accidents and mishaps have multiple systemic origins, i.e. origins and causes related to multiple factors such as technology, organisations, human factors and the interplay between them. 

Michie on Banks and Banking 6 (M.J. Divine, et al. eds., 1999) Stephen Pizzo, Mary Fricker Paul Muolo, Inside Job 21—22 (1991) National Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States, The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report 29 (2011) National Commission on Financial Institution Reform, Recovery and Enforcement, Origins and Causes of the S L Debacle ... 

The forces which bring about adsorption always include dispersion forces, which are attractive, together with short-range repulsive forces. In addition, there will be electrostatic (coulombic) forces if either the solid or the gas is polar in nature. Dispersion forces derive their name from the close connection between their origin and the cause of optical dispersion. First... 

Vision is vital for human activities, and eyes are very sensitive to a number of toxic insults induced by chemical compounds. The most serious outcome is permanent eye damage which may be so severe as to cause loss of vision. The eye consists of the cornea and conjunctiva, the choroid, the iris, and the ciliary body. It also contains the retina, which is of neural origin, and the optic nerve. The retina contains photoreceptors, a highly specific light-sensitive type of neural tissue. The eye also contains the lens and a small cerebrospinal fluid system, the aqueous humor system, that is important for the maintenance of the steady state of hydration of the lens and thus the transparency of the eye. 

Davenport [1] has listed more than 60 major leaks of flammable materials, most of which resulted in serious fires or unconfined vapor cloud explosions. Table 9-1, derived from his data, classifies the leak by point of origin and shows that pipe failures accounted for half the failures— more than half if we exclude transport containers. It is therefore important to know why pipe failures occur. Following, a number of typical failures (or near failures) are discussed. These and other failures, summarized in References 2 and 3, show that by far the biggest single cause of pipe failures has been the failure of construction teams to follow instructions or to do well what was left to their discretion. The most effective way of reducing pipe failures is to ... 

Increased morbidity and mortality is associated with increases in outdoor particle concentrations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1995). Of particular concern are the particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, which are more likely to deposit deep inside the lungs (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1995). Some particles, biological in origin, may cause allergic or inflammatory reactions or be a source of infectious disease. 

Decreased activity of the thyroid gland results in hypothyroidism and, in severe cases, myxoedema. It is often of immunological origin and the manifestations are low metabolic rate, slow speech, lethargy, bradycardia, increased sensitivity to cold, and mental impairment. Myxoedema includes a characteristic thickening of the skin. Therapy of thyroid tumours is another cause of hypothyroidism. Thyroid deficiency... 

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