Specificity desired level

As noted from general experience, except for specific large inductive loads such as of furnace or rectifiers, the fundamental content of the load current is high compared to the individual harmonic contents. In all such cases, it is not necessary to provide a filter-circuit for each harmonic unless the current is required to be as close to a sinusoidal waveform as possible, to cater to certain critical loads or instruments and devices or protective schemes operating in the system, where a small amount of harmonics may lead to malfunctioning of such loads and devices. Otherwise only the p.f. needs be improved to the desired level. Also to eliminate a parallel resonance with the... 

An aqueous solution of sodium sulfite, which was prepared at ambient temperature (or bisulfite, but free of thiosulfite) at a concentration of about 20%, is added to the reaction vessel. Usually 1.05-1.1 mol of the sulfite is required. The temperature is kept at 70-90°C with continuous stirring. The reaction can be finished when analytical data, e.g., content of free sulfite, are sufficient to fit the specification. Time required for the second step is around 30 min to 1 h. Finally the pH is adjusted to the desired level. 

The detection limits, accuracy, and precision of any analytical methodology, as well as the composition of the sample medium, are important parameters in determining the appropriateness of a method to quantify a specific analyte at the desired level of sensitivity within a particular matrix. The lower limit of detection (LLD) has been adopted to refer to the intrinsic detection capability of a measurement procedure (sampling... 

Laws have been enacted in many states in an attempt to prevent the sale and distribution of deleterious antifreeze products, such as salt solutions or petroleum coolants. Even ethylene glycol engine coolants must be evaluated by testing and comparison of test results with specifications for engine coolant concentrate, such as ASTM D 3306. These tests ensure desired levels of antifreeze coolant concentrate and inhibitor are available to adequately protect cooling systems against freezing, boilover and corrosion (Fig. 2). 

The approximate cost for shallow soil mixing/thermaUy enhanced vapor extraction technology range from 60 to 100/yd of soils treated. Costs and applications of this technology are site specific. This cost may be reduced given the desired level of testing and quality assurance/quality control measures required (D13379J, p. 28). 

A procedure for conducting a series of batch ozonations with minimum parameter variation is fill the reactor to the desired level, ozonate, withdraw the whole solution, fill again to the same level and repeat the oxidation with a new set of ozonation conditions (preferably varying the oxidation time or the specific ozone absorption) in the next run. 

Some design problems became apparent when using the Kern method. The method resulted in overestimation of the shell-side heat-transfer coefficient and shell-side pressure drop. If the unit specification has proceeded based only on the Kern results the exchanger would have been unable to achieve the desired level of heat-transfer. The Bell method is recommended to avoid these problems. 

Similar conclusions have been arrived at in an SPR model designed as a DNA probe (24). The DNA probe sequence was immobilised to a thiol modified silver film deposited on a waveguide in a SPR format. The probe showed a characteristic change in the SPR excitation on binding complementary DNA. In this instance the use of an antibody to double stranded DNA could be used in a subsequent step to check the specifity of the result and allow an independent estimation of the level of detection. Without the addition of high molecular weight or refractive index labels however, this technique could not achieve a desirable level of detection, nor eliminate non specific interactions. 

The VB structures can be defined in different ways according to the desired level of accuracy, but all levels agree on the principle that the active orbitals should be strictly localized on their specific atom or fragment, and not allowed to delocalize in the course of the orbital optimization process. This latter condition is important for keeping the interpretability of the wave function in terms of Lewis structures, but also for a correlation-consistent description of the system throughout a potential surface. 

Finally, some remarks on the operation of mechanically agitated gas-liquid reactors are worth mentioning. The mode of operation (i.e., batch, semibatch, continuous, periodic, etc.) depends on the specific need of the system. For example, the level of liquid-phase backmixing can be controlled to any desired level by operating the gas-liquid reactor in a periodic or semibatch manner. This provides an alternative to the tanks in series or plug flow with recycle system and provides a potential method of increasing the yield of the desired intermediate in complex reaction schemes. In some cases of industrial importance, the mode of operation needs to be such that the concentration of the solute gas (such as Cl2, H2S, etc.) as the reactor outlet is kept at a specific value. As shown by Joshi et al. (1982), this can be achieved by a number of different operational and control strategies. 

Starch is first liquefied and hydrolyzed to specific dextrose equivalents with hydrochloric acid. After evaporation to 60 percent solids, a saccharifying enzyme (fungal a-amylase) is added to continue hydrolysis to the desired level. By choosing two or more types of enzymes (such as a-amylase, -amylase, glu-coamylase, pullulanase) and adjusting the initial acid hydrolysis, syrups with different ratios of dextrose, maltose, and higher saccharides can be obtained.92... 

The extent of hydrolysis of protein hydrolysates is measured by the ratio of the amount of amino nitrogen to the total amount of nitrogen present in the raw material (AN/ TN ratio). Highly hydrolyzed materials have AN/TN ratios of 0.50 to 0.60. To obtain the desired level of hydrolysis in a protein, a combination of proteases is selected. Serine protease prepared from Bacillus lichenifor-mis has broad specificity and some preference for terminal hydrophobic amino acids. Peptides containing terminal hydrophobic amino acids cause bitterness. Usually a mixture of different proteases is employed. The hydrolysis reaction is terminated by adjust-... 

Do not confuse this exercise with cataloguing performance and perception expectations (see Technique 30), which are solution-specific performance characteristics, such as candle bum time (target = 32 hours), or PC battery life (target = 6 hours). Outcome expectations are solution-neutral and reside at a higher level they are JTBD-specific desires, such as maximize duration of illumination (using any solution), or maximize operating time (in whatever way possible). 

The method described by Morrison and Bayse (1970) for the enzymic iodination of tyrosine can be readily adapted to the modification of proteins. The reaction mixture contains, in order of addition, L-tyrosine (8.1x10 M), KI (1.0 xlO M), lactoperoxidase (7.4 X 10 M), in 0.05 M K-phosphate buffer, containing 1 x 10 M EDTA, at pH 7.4. The iodination is initiated by the addition of H2O2 to a concentration of 1.0 x 10 M. The specific activity observed for lactoperoxidase under these conditions was 1.05 x 10 moles of L-3-iodotyrosine per min per mole of enzyme at 25°C. At pH 7.4, the rate of enzymatic conversion of L-3-iodotyrosine to L-3,5-diiodotyrosine was 0.34 that of monosubstitution (Morrison and Bayse 1970). The desired level of iodination can be attained by successive equimolar additions of KI and HjOj to the reaction mixture. In this manner, only a low concentration of H2O2 is maintained, minimizing oxidation reactions. The concentration of lactoperoxidase may be calculated from the millimolar extinction coefficient of 114 at 412 run, while the concentrations of stock H2O2 solutions may be determined from the absorbance at 230 nm and a molar extinction coefficient of 72.4 (Phillips and Morrison 1970). 

---