Land occupation

Remediation of contaminated land, occupational hygiene aspects on the safe selection and use of... 

Figure 7.1.1 Sea vs land occupancy in the perspective of the first appearance of organisms and mass extinctions...

Mass extinctions (the arrow length is proportionai to the eident) —Sea vs. land occupancy during the ages... 

Equally important is the fact that some countries will not be able to afford a land occupation of 18 months by a single energy crop. This is especially true of densely populated, developing tropical nations having an urgent need for... 

Midpoint indicatois Climate change. Ozone depletion. Photochemical oxidant formation. Particulate matter formation. Ionising radiation. Terrestrial acidification. Human toxicity. Terrestrial ecotoxicity. Freshwater ecotoxicity. Marine ecotoxicity. Metal depletion. Fossil depletion. Water depletion. Freshwater eutrophication. Marine eutrophication. Agricultural land occupation. Urban land occupation and Natural land transformation. Endpoint indicators Human health. Ecosystem diversity and Resource availability. 

Resource availability Ecosystem diversity Human health Natural land transformation Urban land occupation Agricultural land occupation Marine eutrophication Freshwater eutrophication Water depletion Fossil depletion Metal depletion Marine ecotoxicity Freshwater ecotoxicity Terrestrial ecotoxicity Human toxicity Terrestrial acidification Ionising radiation Particulate matter formation Photochemical oxidant formation Ozone depletion Climate change L -10%... 

Climate change Ozone layer depletion Terrestrial acidification Human toxicity Terrestrial ecotoxicity Freshwater ecotoxicity Freshwater eutrophication Agricultural land occupation... 

To cover a wider spectrum of potential environmental impacts, several indicators from different impact assessment methods were employed, as implemented in Simapro v8.0.2 global warming potential over 100 years (GWPioo) (IPCC, 2006), renewable and nonrenewable cumulative energy demand (CED) [v 1.08] (Hischier et al., 2010), ecotoxicity [USEtox vl.03] (Rosenbaum et al., 2008), agricultural land occupation (ALO) and freshwater eutrophication (EE) [ReCIPe v.1.09] (Goedkoop et al., 2013). 

Agric. Land occupation Blue water footprint... 

The basic approach of calculating land occupation is the same across textiles. The calculation was based on quantifying how much land occupation a particular unit process needed to make 1 million T-shirts by multiplying the output per m of each unit process by the inverse yield of every subsequent unit process. Followed by this, each unit process is assigned with a characterisation factor based on its location and land use type. Further, the land occupation and characterisation factor were multiphed together to convert land occupation into an absolute measure of biodiversity loss. The final result derived was a biodiversity impact (measured in potentially lost nonendemic species per functional unit) of each unit process, which was finally summed up to quantify the impact of the entire product system from cradle to factory gate of the selected T-shirts. 

As evidenced from this study, the total land occupation of the cotton T-shirt was 1.59 X 10 m years per functional unit and the total biodiversity impact of the cotton T-shirt was 2.29 x 10 potentially lost nonendemic species per functional unit. For wool, the total land occupation was 1.77 x 10 m years per functional unit and the total biodiversity impact for the wool T-shirt was 4.75 x 10 potentially lost nonendemic species per functional unit. Land occupation of the polyester T-shirt was... 

The scientific discussion on impacts of land use tries to answer the basic question of how to measure the quality of different ways of land occupation. Lindeijer distinguishes three basic types of assessment for land use impacts, acknowledging that they may be overlapping to some part [20]. These types are the Junctional approach, land use classes, and key indicators. 

KoeUner T, Scholz RW. Assessment of land use impacts on the natural environment — part 1 an analytical framework for pure land occupation and land use change. Int J Life Cycle Assess 2007 12(l) 16-23. 

A third LCA that calculated the environmental profiles of clamshells was created for PLA, PET, and PS plastic materials. The LCA was calculated for use as containers for strawberries. The functional unit was 1000 containers that have packaging capacity to hold 0.4536 kg of strawberries. The LCA included transportation effects and provided environmental impact results for global wanning, energy consumption, aquatic acidification, ozone layer depletion, aquatic eutrophication, respiratory organics, respiratory inorganics, land occupations, and aquatic eco-toxicity. SimaPro LCA software was used to calculate the environmental impacts of the plastic materials. The mass of the PET was calculated based on the same volume as the PLA clamshell and the density ratio of PET and PLA (Madival et al. 2009). 

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