Blue water gas

Blue gas, or blue-water gas, so-called because of the color of the flame upon burning (10), was discovered in 1780 when steam was passed over incandescent carbon (qv), and the blue-water gas process was developed over the period 1859—1875. Successfiil commercial appHcation of the process came about in 1875 with the introduction of the carburetted gas jet. The heating value of the gas was low, ca 10.2 MJ /m (275 Btu/fT), and on occasion oil was added to the gas to enhance the heating value. The new product was given the name carburetted water gas and the technique satisfied part of the original aim by adding luminosity to gas lights (10). 

Miscellaneous Fuels A variety of gases have veiy minor market shares. These include reformed gas, oil gases, producer gas, blue water gas, carbureted water gas, coal gas, and blast-furnace gas. The heating values of these gases range from 3.4 to 41 MJ/m (90 to 1100 Btii/ftq. They are produced by pyrolysis, the water gas reaction, or as by-products of pig-iron production. 

Blau-warme, /. (Metal.) blue heat, -wasser, n. eau celeste (cupric ammonium sulfate solution). -wassergas, n. blue water gas, blue gas. 

Cyclic gas generators converted coke, a by-product of high-temperature pyrolysis process, to a synthetic gas by alternatively exposing the coke to air to provide heat and to steam to produce a gas that burned with a blue flame. The coal gas was know as blue water gas (Probstein, R. F. and Hicks, R. E., Synthetic Fuels, McGraw-Hill, 1982, p. 7). 

Blue water gas, 6 784-790, 827 Blue-white, and blackbody color, 7 327 Blue zircon pigment, 19 404 Blumlein configuration, 14 690 B-matrix, 3 587-588... 

This reaction is of some importance, as formerly in the production of blue water gas the presence of methane was entirely accounted for by the presence of hydrocarbons in the fuel However, the e q)eriments of Bone and Jerdan show that even if no hydrogen whatever were present in the fuel, methane would be formed if the temperature of the fuel be sufficient... 

In considering the production of hydrogen from steam, a considerable number of processes must be considered in which the first stage (which is common to all the processes) consists in the manufacture of blue water gas consequently, prior to the description of these processes, amongst the most important of which are —... 

Fig. 6 shows a diagfram from Dellwick s English itent 29863, 1896, illustrating his plant for the produc-Dn of blue water gas. 

Thus, it is seen that the same iron is used continu-isly, and steam and blue water gas are the two regents consumed. Such is the chemical outline of the on Contact process however, in practice, the process somewhat more complex and very much less efficient lan either the Electrolytic process or the Badische ocess, both of which are described at a later stage, nor in the hydrogen produced be regarded as so satisfactory tr some industrial purposes, such as fat hardening, as lat made by the other two processes. 

The retorts are arranged so that either blue water gas or steam can be passed through them by the operation of the valves A and B. 

First, Blue Water Gas is prepared in an ordinary producer and purified from suspended matter by means of a scrubber then into this clean water gas steam is introduced and the mixture passed over, a catalytic naterial, where the following reaction takes place —... 

Starting with blue water gas, which may be roughly taken as being composed of 50 per cent, hydrogen and 50 per cent, carbon monoxide, the composition of the gas, after the introduction of the steam and passage over the catalyst, is approximately as follows —... 

In the operation of this process, the blue water gas, >getherwitha requisite amount of steam, is passed over le catalytic material at a temperature of 400° to 500° C. ince the oxidation of the carbon monoxide is exother-lic, after the reaction chamber is heated to the tem-erature of 400° to 500° C., no more heat need be ipplied from external sources. 

Now, since blue water gas is, roughly speaking, half drogen and half carbon monoxide, by passing it over... 

The following table of critical temperatures and pressures of the constituents of blue water gas is interesting —... 

From this table it is seen that the aitical tempera-ure of hydrogen is 88° C. below that of its nearest sociate, nitrogen consequently, if the blue water gas vere cooled to — 146° C. while subjected to a pressure of omewhere about 500 lb. per square inch, the whole of he gas, with the exception of the hydrogen, would iquefy therefore, separation of a liquid from a gas leing a simple matter, the problem of die production of lydrogen from blue water gas would be solved. 

If a gas is cooled below its critical temperature the )ressure which has to be applied to produce liquefaction j much reduced. Now, since the boiling point of a iquid and the condensing point of a vapour under the ame pressure are the same temperature, the boiling loints of the various gases contained in blue water gas an be studied with advantage. 

Therefore, it can be seen that, if blue water gas rere cooled at atmospheric pressure to a temperature elow — 195 5° C, the whole of the constituents of the as, other than hydrogen, would be liquefied, and con-equently an easy separation could be made. 

In the Linde-Frank-Caro process the blue water gas is compressed to 20 atmospheres, and under pressure it is passed through water, which removes... 

The gas thus purified from these constituents now passes to the separator proper the reason for this preliminary removal of some of the constituents of the blue water gas is due to the fact that, in the separation of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen, such low temperatures have to be reached that the water, sulphuretted hydrogen, ind carbon dioxide would be in the solid state, and would, therefore, tend to block up the pipes of the apparatus. 

Thus, to very roughly indicate the cost of operation of this process, neglecting all depreciation, eta, it may be said that, on a plant of the size mentioned above, unit volume of blue water gas yields 4 volume of hydrogen of about 97 per cent, purity, or, on the basis of a coke consumption of 35 lb. per 1000 cubic feet of water gas, the hydrogen yield is 25,500 cubic feet per ton of coke. 

Diffusion.—The separation of hydrogen from the ler constituents of blue water gas has been proposed, iploying diffusion for the purpose. Graham expressed 2 law of diffusion of gases as. —... 

Blue-water gas Bluing Blushers B-lymphocytes BL580 zeta [69522-23-2]... 

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