ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

In each of the four countries, regulatory administrations and stakeholder associations were selected for interviews according to their active participation in decision-making processes at national and EU level3. These actors were investigated in terms of their roles, responsibilities, relationships, and resources using the definitions shown below (adapted from Cramer [554] and Mintzberg [555])  

Role Division of tasks for risk management between 

Responsibility Power relations between the actors with regards to risk management. 

The research investigated the potential for negotiation and compromise between the actors. The project also examined the influence that regulators and stakeholder groups have on the efficacy, efficiency, effectiveness and equity of implementing a risk-reduction strategy (RRS) (Section 2.3.4). Ultimately, the tolerability of a RRS depends on such group dynamics (Sections 1.2 and 2.3.4). 

The soft-systems analytical framework facilitated the comparing and contrasting of national approaches, as well as interviewee perspectives of EU decision-making and REACH. In total, the results of these processes formed the basis for proposing a framework for decision-making under REACH. 

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In addition to the proactive uses of the SRK model described in the two previous sections, it can also be employed retrospectively as a means of identifying the underlying causes of incidents attributed to human error. This is a particularly useful application, since causal analyses can be used to identify recurrent vmderlying problems which may be responsible for errors which at a surface level are very different. It has already been indicated in Section 2.4.1 that the same observable error can arise from a variety of alternative causes. In this section it will be shown how several of the concepts discussed up to this point can be combined to provide a powerful analytical framework that can be used to identify the root causes of incidents. 

Several examples have already been provided of the use of cognitive models of error to evaluate the possible causes of accidents that have already occurred. This form of retrospective analysis performs a vital role in providing information on the recurring underlying causes of accidents in which human error is implicated. The advantage of an analytical framework driven by a model of human error is that it specifies the nature of the questions that need... 

A]n analytical framework for understanding what is involved for poliey makers, and for seience teachers, when they shape answers to the question What eounts as seienee education ... 

There are four types of economic evaluation cost-minimization analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis and cost-benefit analysis. The analytic framework chosen will depend upon the economic questions posed and the clinical evidence of effectiveness for the interventions (Gold et al, 1996 Dmmmondetal, 1997). 

We thank John Horton, Jim Kilburn, Robert Garrett, Rodney Klassen, Jean Morrison, and Harley King for field assistance during sampling along the transects. We thank the many people who participated in the USGS workshops where the sample design protocols and analytical framework for the transects were developed. We also thank the many landowners who provided access to sites. 

Using the analytical framework developed by Samuelson and Wolfson (1986 69-70), the Bauer-Grossmann model, considered in Chapter 7, can be represented by a series of simple equations.1 The first relationship to be specified is that between net income (v,) and variable capital (Vt), where i represents a time subscript. Income consists of variable capital plus surplus value extracted at the rate s ... 

Having a consistent analytic framework that allows these major factors to be considered and the range of possible oufcomes to be evaluated is vital to effective long-range planning in the petroleum industry. 

Now that we have summarized the historical and mathematical background, the objectives, and the limitations of chemical thermodynamics, we will develop the basic postulates upon which its analytic framework is built. In discussing these fundamental postulates, which are essentially concise descriptions based on much experience, we will emphasize at all times their apphcation to chemical, geological, and biological systems. However, first we must define a few of the basic concepts of thermodynamics. 

This chapter first reviews and discusses selected research on local dose aspects of ozone toxicity, the morphology of the respiratoty tract and mucus layer, air and mucus flow, and the gas, liquid, and tissue components of mathematical models. Next, it discusses the approaches and results of the few models that exist. A similar review was recently done to defme an analytic framework for collating experiments on the effects of sulfur oxides on the lung. Pollutant gas concentrations are generally stated in parts per million in this chapter, because experimental uptake studies are generally quoted only to illustrate behavior predicted by theoretical models. Chapter 5 contains a detailed discussion of the conversion from one set of units to another. 

Let me try to draw the argument together by offering some conclusions. I shall do so by confronting Stendhal and Sartre - a confrontation not undertaken by Sartre himself, for reasons we can only speculate about. The confrontation cannot be conclusive or systematic, since Sartre notoriously was better at raising important problems than at constructing an analytical framework for discussing them. 

The results presented here are intended to provide a simple analytical framework to interpret experiments about equilibrium and transport in narrow nanocylinders. 

U.S. Department of Energy, Assessment of Costs and Benefits of Flexible and Alternative Fuel Use in the U.S. Transportation Sector Technical Progress Report One Context and Analytical Framework, DOE/PE-0080, January 1988. 

To better envision an obviousness-type double patenting scenario, let s briefly rework the facts from the hypothetical of our statutory double patenting example just stated. In that example, we explained that attempting to claim the exact same compound twice (compound B) was not permissible, even though the earlier patent application was not 102 prior art. In this earlier scenario, we stated that the later patent application contained additional compounds that were not disclosed in the earlier patent application—compounds D and E. Since we have not yet discussed the analytical framework for obviousness, let s assume that compound D is an obvious... 

The phenomenology of glass formers has been extensively studied, and existing analytical frameworks are readily extended to ionic liquids. Xu and co-workers [149] studied a number of aspects of ILs from this perspective, most... 

In dealing with chemical process engineering, conducting chemical reactions in a tubular reactor and in a packed bed reactor (solid-catalyzed reactions) is discussed. In consecutive-competitive reactions between two liquid partners, a maximum possible selectivity is only achievable in a tubular reactor under the condition that back-mixing of educts and products is completely prevented. The scale-up for such a process is presented. Finally, the dimensional-analytical framework is presented for the reaction rate of a fast chemical reaction in the gas/liquid system, which is to a certain degree limited by mass transfer. 

The power products formed with the aid of the dimensional matrix can be traced back to known, mostly named numbers (Re, Pr, Sc). The only new dimensionless number here is the Damkohler number, Da, which will be discussed later. The numbers obtained, together with the four anticipated trivial numbers, give the following dimensional-analytical framework ... 

These core elements of precautionary chemicals management will next be used as an analytical framework in relation to chemicals policy in general and legislation on industrial chemicals in particular in the EU and the US. 

Jewell Christopher J and Bonnie E. Glaser (2006) Toward a General Analytic Framework. Organisational settings, Policy Goals and Street-level Behavior Administration Society. 38(3) 335-364. 

Figure 3.2 Soft-systems analytical framework (adapted from [293])...

Parallels between the soft-systems analytical framework and a constrained relativism are evident when comparing Figure 3.2 with Figure 1.1(b) in Chapter 1 - reproduced as Figure 3.3 below. 

Having discussed above some features of the conceptual and analytical framework concerned with stable isotope approaches for the study of zinc absorption, we present in this section summaries of a number of experiments involving application of these concepts and methods of stable isotope approaches for examination of zinc availability from human foods. 

Thomas, V. 2003. Research issues in sustainable consumption Toward an analytical framework for materials and the environment. Environmental Science and Technology, 37 5383-88. 

We will now develop an analytical framework to represent CO2 fixation in photosynthesis and its evolution in respiration and photorespiration (Fig. 8-16). The net flux of C02 into a leaf, Jcch> indicates the apparent (net) CO2 assimilation rate per unit leaf area by photosynthesis (see Fig. 8-1 for a measurement technique). The gross or true rate of photosynthesis, ygv minus the rate of CO2 evolution by respiration and photorespiration per unit leaf area, 7, equals Jcch-... 

It is necessary to establish an appropriate analytical framework for the calculations, and through this a clear definition of the variables mapping all information about molecular structure and dynamics. Over the past decades, there has been many excellent texts on the statistical (i.e., density matrix) quantum theory providing the basis for analytical... 

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