Water eutrophication

Oxidation rate constant k, for gas-phase second order rate constants, k0H for reaction with OH radical, kNOa with N03 radical and k0j with 03 or as indicated, data at other temperatures see reference t,/2 > 340 h in river water, eutrophic pond or lake and oligotrophic lake, half-lives predicted by one compartment model (Smith et al. 1978)... 

Leonov, A. V., Stygar, O. V. (2001). Mathematical modeling of organogenic material biotransformation processes for studying the conditions of water eutrophication in the Caspian Sea surface layer. Water Resources, 28(5), 532-555... 

Large volumes of soap are used in industrial applications as gelling agents lor kerosene, paint driers, and as surfactants in emulsion polymerization. See also Soaps. Concern over water eutrophication resulted in a ban of phosphorus in laundry detergents. Phosphates have been effectively replaced by combinations of zeolite, citrate, and polymers, coupled with rebalanced synthetic active systems. Soap itself is generally present only as a minor component of surfactants. 

Smorczewski, W. T., and Schmidt, E. L. (1991). Numbers, activities, and diversity of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a fresh-water, eutrophic lake sediment. Canadian Journal of Microbi-ology 37, 828-833. 

N03 V Fertilizer Groundwater, oceans Health, drinking water eutrophication... 

In its turn, this leads to further pollution of drinking water, eutrophication of surface waters, mainly, water reservoirs, and increasing input of NtO to atmosphere. For instance, the DIN contents in many South Korean water reservoirs are 4-10 mgN/L in summer season and most of these reservoirs are eutrophied (Environmental Statistics Yearbook, 1998). 

In Asia, surface water eutrophication also is greatly enhanced by phosphorus from detergents and this source of pollution is still of importance in many countries. 

Silage liquids, except the liquids from clover silage, contain rather a low amount of nitrogen (0.03-0.28%) and about half of this is in the ammonia form. From the aspects of nutrients the potassium content is also significant (0.10-0.37%) whereas the quantities of other nutrients (P, Ca, Mg) are very low. Silage liquids, however, have unfavourable effects particularly on stagnant surface waters (eutrophization). 

LCA can be produced from a variety of sources and provide a variety of results. Standardization of LCA inputs and outputs would benefit the usefulness of LCA. Minimal acceptable features of an LCA are that it follows ISO 14040/14044 standards and uses a four-step process indicated previously. In addition, the LCA should include several items listed in the definition of sustainability, that is, GHG emissions, waste generation, and pollution. The LCA should also include at a minimum end-of-life considerations. Water usage is an important consideration for some areas of the world but not in all areas, and thus is not included in the minimal framework. The pollution areas that are most commonly evaluated in LCAs are water eutrophication and acidification. Thus,... 

Water eutrophication data and acidification data were modified from the IFEU-Heidelberg data for 1000 clamshells. The data were interpolated to equivalent mass of water bottles in the current study (LCA Nature Works LLC 2009). 

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