Lactobacilli arabinosus

Tchetche, A. G., Quantitative determination of vitamin PP or niacin in Coffea canephora var. robusta by a microbiological method using Lactobacillus arabinosus, Colloq. Sci. Int. Cafe, 8, 147, 1977. (CA92 196459)... 

A variety of biotin-requiring microorganisms have been used to assay biotin Saccharomyces cerevisiae (H6), Lactobacillus casei (S2), Lactobacillus arabinosus (now L. plantarum ATCC No. 8014) (W14), Micrococcus sodonensis (Al), Neurospora crassa (H10), and Rhizobium tri-folii (W7). None have been applied successfully for assaying biotin in biologic fluids. Because the flagellate Ochromoms danica had a specific and sensitive biotin requirement (A2), it was utilized as a reagent for biotin in blood, serum, urine, brain, and liver tissue (B3b). 

As early as 1954, cytidine 5 -(L-ribitol 1-pyrophosphate) (46) was found in extracts of Lactobacillus arabinosus,191 and its structure was soon established.192,193 It has been isolated from many other... 

Previously, a proposed mechanism for the malo-lactic fermentation was shown (II), and this proposal seems to be responsible for much of the confusion. In the same work, the authors reported a strain of Lactobacillus arabinosus (plantarum) which was capable of adaptively carrying out the following two reactions ... 

Acids by Carbon Dioxide Fixation. V. Further Study of the Malic Enzyme of Lactobacillus arabinosus, J. Biol. Chem. (1951) 192, 301-312. 

In Lactobacillus arabinosus D-alanine in ester linkage occupies this position but is replaced by p-D-glucose on about one unit in nine... 

All of the ribitol teichoic acids so far examined are composed of chains of ribitol residues joined through phosphodiester groups at C-l and C-5. Each chain is terminated by a phosphomonoester residue, and the ribitol residues bear glycosyl and D-alanine ester substituents. Detailed structures have been proposed for the polymers from Bacillus aubtilis and Lactobacillus arabinosus, and from two strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The structure of the teichoic acid from Bacillus subtilis was the first to be established in detail the other polymers differ mainly in the nature of the glycosyl substituents. 

Baddiley and coworkers42> obtained 4-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl-D-ribitol (18), as the chain fragment of a TA extracted from Lactobacillus arabinosus. The synthesis involved several steps, as follows ... 

Nicotinic acid, NAD+ Nicotine amide, Ascorbic acid Lactobacillus arabinosus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Cucumber 81,82,83,84, 85... 

Cyclopropane containing fatty acids are found in bacterial membranes thus lac-tobacillic acid 141 has been isolated from Lactobacillus arabinosus, Brucella abortus and B. melitensis, Eq. (56) [188]. 

The uptake and accumulation of various amino acids in Lactobacillus arabinosus have been described. Deficiencies of vitamin B6, biotin, and pantothenic acid markedly alter the operation of these transport systems. Accumulation capacity is decreased most severely by a vitamin B6 deficiency. This effect appears to arise indirectly from the synthesis of abnormal cell wall which renders the transport systems unusually sensitive to osmotic factors. Kinetic and osmotic experiments also exclude biotin and pantothenate from direct catalytic involvement in the transport process. Like vitamin B6, they affect uptake indirectly, probably through the metabolism of a structural cell component. The evidence presented supports a concept of pool formation in which free amino acids accumulate in the cell through the intervention of membrane-localized transport catalysts. 

General Characteristics of Amino Acid Transport in Lactobacillus Transport in Lactobacillus arabinosus... 

The experiments discussed were performed with Lactobacillus arabinosus using glutamic acid, alanine, and proline as the test amino acids. The detailed experimental procedures have been described (21, 23, 27). Washed resting cells are incubated in a phosphate buffer with the radioactive amino acid, centrifuged, and extracted to release the amino acid, which is then measured enzymically or by isotopic methods. 

Extracts prepared from whole cells of all such organisms contained a glyceritol phosphate polymer, even when no such polymer was present in the walls. This finding is in accordance with a previous report by Mitchell and Moyle that the cell envelope and the small particle fraction from Staphylococcus aureus contain a glyceritol phosphate. This observation could explain why Lactobacillus arabinosus contains cytidine glyceritol pyrophosphate (and not the corresponding teichoic acid) in the cell wall. 

Alanine isolated by mild alkaline hydrolysis from the teichoic acid of Lactobacillus arabinosus has the d configuration, as determined with D-amino acid oxidase. ... 

The cyclopropane fatty acid, cw-11,12-methylene-octadeca-noic acid, was reported first for Lactobacillus arabinosus and was given the trivial name lactobacillic acid. By now, fatty acids with a mid-chain cyclopropane group have been found in many bacterial species, including aerobic, anaerobic. Gram-negative,... 

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