Enterobacter agglomerans

After growth in a medium containing suitable reductants such as glucose, a strain of Enterobacter agglomerans was able to reduce tetrachloroethene successively to trichloro-ethene and cis-, 2- dichloroethene (Sharma and McCarty 1996). 

The reduction of tetrachloroethene to d5 -l,2-dichloroethene by the enteric organism Pan-toea (Enterobacter) agglomerans may be noted (Sharma and McCarty 1996) as one of the few examples of the ability of Enterobacteriaceae to carry out reductive dechlorination. 

The biotransformation of gylcerol trinitrate by strains of Bacillus thuringiensis/cereus or Enterobacter agglomerans (Meng et al. 1995), by strains of Pseudomonas sp., and some Entero-bacteriaceae (Blehert et al. 1997) involves the expected successive loss of nitrite with the formation of glycerol. The biotransformation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate by Enterobacter cloacae proceeds comparably with metabolism of two hydroxymethyl groups produced by loss of nitrite to the aldehyde (Binks et al. 1996). 

Meng M, W-Q Sun, LA Geelhaar, G Kumar, AR Patel, GF Payne, MK Speedie, JR Stacy (1995) Denitration of glycerol trinitrate by resting cells and cell extracts of Bacillus thuringiensis/cereus and Enterobacter agglomerans. Appl Environ Microbiol 61 2548-2553. 

Moutaouakkil A, Zeroual Y, Dzairi FZ et al (2003) Purification and partial chareterization of azoreductase from Enterobacter agglomerans. Arch Biochem Biophys 413 139-146... 

Enterobacter agglomerans Methyl red Flask Repeated batch Aerobic E Ca arginate, polyacrylamide gel, vermiculite, Cu beech 100 25 7... 

Enterobacter agglomerans 100 -H— Klebsiella pneumoniae 100 Erwinia chrysanthemi B Clostridium difficile... 

The yield of 1,3-PD for this reaction is 67% (mol/mol). If biomass formation is considered the theoretical maximal yield reduces to 64%. In the actual fermentation a number of other by-products are formed, i. e., ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, and 2,3-butanediol, by the enterobacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter agglomerans, butyric acid by Clostridium butyricum, and butanol by Clostridium pasteurianum (Fig. 1). All these by-products are associated with a loss in 1,3-PD relative to acetic acid, in particular ethanol and butanol, which do not contribute to the NADH2 pool at all. 

Product inhibition in the glycerol fermentation has been studied in several investigations [12, 38,43-45]. The strongest inhibitor seems to be 3-hydroxy-propionaldehyde. This compound is normally an intracellular intermediate that does not accumulate. However, under conditions of high glycerol excess, it may be excreted into the medium. Whereas K. pneumoniae is able to reduce the accumulated 3-hydroxypropanal further to 1,3-PD, Enterobacter agglomerans is killed by the aldehyde as soon as a concentration of 2.2 g/1 has been reached [44], C. butyricum excretes only very small amounts of 3-hydroxypropanal [46]. 

Nicotinic acid, NAD+ Nicotine amide, Ascorbic acid Lactobacillus arabinosus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Cucumber 81,82,83,84, 85... 

Cherin L, Brandis A, Ismailov Z, Chet I (1996) Pyrrolnitrin Production by an Enterobacter agglomerans Strain with a Broad Spectrum of Antagonistic Activity Towards Fungal and Bacterial Phytopathogens. Curr Microbiol 32 208... 

Amarita et al. [48] Lactose Milk Lactases (Lactozym and / -galactosidase of Enterobacter agglomerans) adsorbed onto diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DE-52), and confined between the surface of a gas-permeable membrane of a C02 electrode and a dialysis membrane C02 potentiometric electrode ... 

All of 16 different formulations of rattlesnake powder capsules, obtained in six different cities in Mexico, were significantly contaminated with Gram-negative coliform bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae. Salmonella arizona, and Salmonella of groups B, E4, and G 81% of the capsules were contaminated with Salmonella species, the most frequent being S. arizona (37). Contamination was probably derived from both the flesh of the snake and fecal contamination during domestic preparation of the powder to produce the capsules. 

Figure 16.2-40. Production of the low calorie sweetener tagatose from o-galactitol by whole cells of Enterobacter agglomerans.

In the case of Enterobacter agglomerans, cells growing on 1 % glycerol plus 1 % erythritol resulted in the best biocatalytic performance. In 30 h, galactitol (50 g/L) was converted with a tagatose yield of 86%. Immobilization and storage at - 20 °C are possible. 

Four bacterial strains which grow on mercurial plates were isolated from mercury contaminated sludge. These mercury resistant bacteria were subjected to Gram stain and all were Gram-negative. The results of identification of these mercury volatilizing bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas putida, Enterobacter agglomerans and Proteus mirabilis. 

Klebsiella pneumoniae, reveled itself the most resistant species to all of the metals tested. For example the MIC in solid medium of Klebsiella pneumoniae to HgCL and AgN03 is 2400 pM, that of Pseudomonas putida to CdCl2 is 4000 pM and that of Enterobacter agglomerans to Cr(N03)3 is 8000pM. 

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