Nicotinic amide

Section 15 11 Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones is a common biological reaction Most require a coenzyme such as the oxidized form of nicotin amide adenine dmucleotide (NAD" )... 

For more specific analysis, chromatographic methods have been developed. Using reverse-phase columns and uv detection, hplc methods have been appHed to the analysis of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in biological fluids such as blood and urine and in foods such as coffee and meat. Derivatization techniques have also been employed to improve sensitivity (55). For example, the reaction of nicotinic amide with DCCI (AT-dicyclohexyl-0-methoxycoumarin-4-yl)methyl isourea to yield the fluorescent coumarin ester has been reported (56). After separation on a reversed-phase column, detection limits of 10 pmol for nicotinic acid have been reported (57). 

N-Morpholino)propanesulfonic acid Relative molecular weight (dimensionless number) Nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form Nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form Nuclear magnetic resonance... 

Nicotinamide is an important redox moiety in biological system. The nicotin-amide-perylene diimide dyad 23 can work as a redox-responsive fluorescence switch.33 Dyad 23, in which nicotinamide is on the oxidation state, exhibits strong fluorescence. However, it becomes nonfluorescent when nicotinamide is reduced due to the electron transfer from the reduced nicotinamide to the photoexcited perylene diimide. The fluorescence of dyad 23 can be reversibly switched off and on chemically by successive reduction with NaBH3CN and oxidation with tetrachlorobenzoquinone and switched electrochemically over 10 cycles without significant degradation. 

Nicotinic acid, NAD+ Nicotine amide, Ascorbic acid Lactobacillus arabinosus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Cucumber 81,82,83,84, 85... 

In 1989, BH4 was found to be a cofactor for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) [ 126, 127]. BH4 is also involved in dimerization of NOS, as NOS is catalytically active in a homodimer structure. Three isoforms of NOS exist neuronal NOS (NOS 1), inducible NOS (NOS 2) and endothelial NOS (NOS 3). BH4 is essential for all NOS isoforms. The NOS isoforms share approximately 50-60% sequence homology. Each NOS polypeptide is comprised of oxygenase and reductase domains. An N-terminal oxygenase domain contains iron protoporphyrin IX (heme), BH4 and an arginine binding site, and a C-terminal reductase domain contains flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and a reduced nicotin-amide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) binding site. 

Figure 7.2 illustrates the phosphorus pentoxide-mediated dehydration of a primary amide to a nitrile, using the transformation of nicotine amide (A) into nicotine nitrile (B) as an example. The reaction of phosphorus pentoxide at the carboxyl oxygen furnishes the partially ring-opened iminium ion E (simplified as F) via the polycyclic iminium ion C. E is deprotonated to give the mixed anhydride G from imidic acid and phosphoric acid. Imidic acids are characterized by the functional group R-C(=NH)-OH. This anhydride is transformed into the nitrile B by an El elimination via the intermediate nitrilium salt D. Nitrilium salts are iV-pro-tonated or V-alkylated nitriles. 

Fig. 20.12. Schematic representation of the binding of nicotin-amide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD+) to the active site in the ternary complex lactate dehydrogenase-NAD+-pyruvate. Note salt bridges N+ -H -0 between ArglOl pyrophosphate and Argl71 pyruvate [704]...

The reduction of quaternary derivatives of nicotinic amide has been subject to many polarographic119,128-133 and electrolytic... 

It was necessary to use a film thickness of 200 pm for the total photo protection of multivitamin infusions containing ascorbic acid, thiamine hydrochloride, nicotin-amid, and pyridoxine hydrochloride. For amiodarone hydrochloride and a special quinolone infusion, which showed sensitivity to all wavelengths in the UV region up to 400 nm, the photo protection was considerably lower. However, a reduction of drug losses from 59% and 75% to 5% and 7% was still attainable using this cover thickness. It was concluded, that the limit of application for these particular UV protective covers is photolability of drug solutions with activation spectra above 385 tun. 

The reduction of quaternary derivatives of nicotinic amide as model compounds for the phosphopyridine nucleotides has been subject to many polarographic [235, 247-255] and electrolytic investigations. At pH 4—7 a one-electron wave is found, whereas in alkaline solution two, one-electron waves are seen. Controlled potential reduction in a phosphate buffer at the potential (—1.2 V) of the first wave of l-methyl-3-carbamoyl or 1-benzyl-3-carbamoylpyridinium ions produces a mixture of dimers, including diastereomers of 6,6 - [248] and 4,4 - [253], in addition to unsymmetrical dimers [254]. 

Nicotine amide adenine-dinucleotide phosphate (sodium NADP ... 

A new route to 3,4-disubstituted piperidines employs diastereoselective 1,4-addition of N-nicotinoyl thiazolidinethiones with aryl cuprates <05TL8673>. Treatment of the pyridinium salt, prepared from chiral nicotinic amide 165 and phenyl chloroformate, with... 

For their activity, the enzymes of the microsomal fraction require the presence of NaDPH2 (nicotine amide dinucleotide phosphate) and oxygen... 

Imidazolone of a more complex structure was obtained by bromination of 2-(3-oxypropyl)amino-5-(oxopyridyl-4)nicotinic amide in the presence of alkali in 53% yield (94MI5). 

CAS 98-92-0 EINECS/ELINCS 202-713-4 Synonyms Nicotinamide Nicotine acid amide Nicotinic acid amide Nicotinic amide Nicotylamidel... 

Nicotinic alcohol. See Pyridine-3-methanol Nicotinic amide. See Niacinamide Nicotinyl alcohol. See Pyridine-3-methanol Nicotylamidel. See Niacinamide Micron 002, Micron 302, Micron 303,... 

The limited use of P450-catalyzed reactions in industry stems (at least to some extent) from the high cost of NAD(P)H cofactors. Consequently, several approaches have been developed and snccessfully applied to avoid the use of natural nicotine amide cofactors including chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical reduction of the heme Fe. Another approach aiming to minimize the amount of NAD(P)H required comprises enzymatic cofactor regeneratiou Moreover, several methods were described to directly convert P450s from their resting state into their active ferric hydroperoxy complex form, which enables substrate conversion without the need for cofactors or redox partners. 

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