Fixation, carbon dioxide

These studies show that there is significant scope for activation and fixation of carbon dioxide in the aqueous phase. 

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Carbon Carbon dioxide fixation (CO2 organic Photosynthetic organisms plants, algae. 

Carbon Dioxide Fixation Catalyzed by Metal Complexes Koji Tanaka... 

Small FJ, SA Ensign (1995) Carbon dioxide fixation in the metabolism of propylene and propylene oxide by Xanthobacter stra.mPy2. J Bacterid 11 6170-6175. 

J. F. Johnson, D. L. Allan, C. P. Vance, and G. Weiblen, Root carbon dioxide fixation by phosphorus-deficient Lupinus albus. Plant Physiol. 7/2 19 (1996). 

Carbon Dioxide Fixation Using Reactions with Other Compounds... 

Wilson, S.A., Dipple, G.M., Power, I.M. et al. 2009. Carbon dioxide fixation within mine wastes of ultramafic-hosted ore deposits Examples from the Clinton Creek and Cassiar chrysotile deposits, Canada. 

FUNCTION RUBISCO CATALYSES TWO REACTIONS THE CARBOXYLATION OF D-RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE, THE PRIMARY EVENT IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION, AS WELL AS THE OXIDATIVE FRAGMENTATION OF THE PENTOSE SUBSTRATE IN THE PHOTORESPIRATION PROCESS. BOTH REACTIONS OCCUR SIMULTANEOUSLY AND IN COMPETITION AT THE SAME ACTIVE SITE. 

The way biotin participates in carbon dioxide fixation was established in the early 1960s. In 1961 Kaziro and Ochoa using propionyl CoA carboxylase provided evidence for 14C02 binding in an enzyme-biotin complex. With excess propionyl CoA the 14C label moved into a stable position in methyl malonyl CoA. In the same year Lynen found biotin itself could act as a C02 acceptor in a fixation reaction catalyzed by B-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase. The labile C02 adduct was stabilized by esterification with diazomethane and the dimethyl ester shown to be identical with the chemically synthesized molecule. X-ray analysis of the bis-p-bromanilide confirmed the carbon dioxide had been incorporated into the N opposite to the point of attachment of the side chain. Proteolytic digestion and the isolation of biocytin established the biotin was bound to the e-NH2 of lysine. 

Calvin established the pathway for carbon dioxide fixation in higher plants. 

Energy Conservation by Substrate-Level Phosphorylation and Its Coupling to Carbon Dioxide Fixation... 

Kelly DP, Syrett PJ. 1963. Effect of 2 4-dinitrophenol on carbon dioxide fixation by a Thiobacillus. Nature 197 1087-9. 

Johnson EJ, Peck HD. 1965. Coupling of phosphorylation and carbon dioxide fixation in extracts of Thiobacillus thioparus. J Bacteriol 89 1041-50. 

Todd and Todd and Probst also measured the effects of ozone (at 4 ppm for 40 min) on photosynthesis and found that development of symptoms was associated with inhibition of carbon dioxide fixation. This effect was also confirmed by Macdowall, who reported that the inhibition of photosynthesis was greater than that which could be accounted for by chlorophyll destruction. Hill and Littlefield associated decreased net photosynthesis caused by ozone (at 0.06 ppm for 1 h) with both stomatal opening and rates of transpiration. These studies have generally shown that net photosynthesis can decrease without visible injury. 

Ozone causes both quantitative and qualitative changes in carbon dioxide fixation patterns. Wilkinson and Bames, using carbon dioxide-found a reduction in radioactivity in soluble sugars and increases in free amino acids and sugar phosphates in white pine after a 10-min exposure to ozone at 0.10 ppm. Miller observed a decrease in carbon dioxide-fixation in ponderosa pines that correlated with loss of chlorophyll, after exposure to ozone at 0.30-0.35 ppm. The Hill reaction rates of chloroplasts isolated from healthy and ozone-injured ponderosa pine indicated that both light and dark reactions of the chloroplasts from ozone-injured plants were depressed. Barnes found depressed photosynthesis and stimulated respiration in seedlings of four pine species of the southeastern United States after exposure to ozone at 0.15 ppm. 

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