Kaempferol isolation

Figure 9. Tryptanthrin and kaempferol, isolated from Polygonum tinctorium.

Li S, Zhang Z, Cain A et al (2005) Antifungal activity of camptothecin, trifolin, and hyperoside isolated from Camptotheca acuminate. J Agile Food Chem 53 32-37 Li L, Ge H, Seeram NP (2009) Identification and bioactivities of resveratrol oligomers and flavonoids from Carex folliculata seeds. J Agile Food Chem 57 7282-7287 Lim Y-H, Kim I-H, Seo J-J (2007) In vitro activity of kaempferol isolated from the Impatiens bal-samina alone and in combination with erythromycin or clindamycin against Propionibacterium acnes. J Microbiol 45 473-477... 

Effects of Allelochemlcals on ATP Supply. Allelochemlcals might decrease the ATP content of tissue by either increasing ATP utilization or decreasing ATP production. Some allelochemlcals that inhibit mineral absorption decrease ATP content of plant tissues. Salicylic acid decreased the ATP content of oat roots in a pH dependent manner (Figure 3). This result suggested that mitochondrial production of ATP was decreased in the tissue. On the other hand, Tillberg (38) found that salicylic acid and cinnamic acid increased the ATP content of Scenedesmus. Various flavonoids inhibited ATP production by mitochondria Isolated from cucumber (Cucumls satlvus L.) hypocotyls (54). Flavones such as kaempferol were more inhibitory than the corresponding flavanones. Substituted cinnamic acids such as caffeic acid were not inhibitory. 

Polyphenols, as one of the largest and most widespread class of plant compounds, are also present in saffron stigma. In the mass spectrum of the flavonoid fraction of the methanolic extract from saffron there were ions at m/z 611 and 633 which may be attributed to protonated and sodiated quasi-molecular ions of kaempferol diglycoside. [22] Flavonoids from the water extract can be isolated and concentrated... 

Flavonoid sulphates such as quercetin 3,7-di-O-methyl 3-sulphate and kaempferol 7-0-methyl 3-sulphate, which inhihited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were isolated from the -hutanol fraction of 80% methanol extract of Argyreia speciosa (Burm. f) Boj. (Convolvulaceae), while flavonoids with mti-Helicobacter pylori activity, such as quercetin 3-methyl ether (isorhamnetin) (Fig. 3), were isolated from Cistus laurifolius L. (Cistaceae). ... 

Mitrokotsa, D. et al., Bioactive compounds from the buds of Platanus orientalis and isolation of a new kaempferol glycoside, Planta Med., 59, 517, 1993. 

The seven major flavonoids in these flours were isolated and identified as 3-0-glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin. The marked brown discoloration observed when LCP glanded cottonseed flour is used in a food product is caused by bound gossypol and at least two bound gossypol-like pigments. The brown color observed when glandless cottonseed flour is used in food is believed to be due to other phenolic constituents that are either insoluble polymers or are bound to the insoluble plant polysaccharides. 

Hypertension is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke. Since ancient times, hypertensive patients have been treated orally with plant extracts based on folk medicine. However, and despite their in vitro vasodilator effects, little information about the protective effects of flavonoids on hypertension is available in the literature. Flavonoids have been considered as active principles of several antihypertensive plant extracts (e.g. rhamnoglycoside of limocitrin isolated from Citrus limonum, kaempferol 4 -0-glucose and hyperin from Euphorbia maddeni, moracenins from Morus alba, procyanidin glycoside from Rhamnus lycioides) [150,151]. In all cases, only the acute antihypertensive effects after i.v. administration in anaesthetised normotensive and/or hypertensive animals have been described. In addition to the direct vasodilator effects discussed above, the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme reported... 

This enzyme was first reported in the microsomal fractions of Haplopappus gracilis cell cultures,33 studied in more detail in parsley,34 and later shown to occur in the flowers of several species.7 F3 H catalyzes the hydroxylation of naringenin and dihydrokaempferol (DHK), as well as of apigenin or kaempferol to their respective 3 -hydroxy derivatives, eriodictyol, dihydroquercetin (DHQ), luteolin, and quercetin, but does not accept the flavan 3,4-diols or anthocyanidins as substrates,34 indicating that B-ring hydroxylation of the latter is determined at the dihydroflavonol level. It was more than two decades later that the first cDNA clone encoding F3 H was isolated and characterized from the flowers of Petunia hybridal Arabidopsis thaliana,36 and Perilla frutescens.37 Their recombinant proteins were shown to... 

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